pKEAU OF

VERBATIM REPORT

OF THE

FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

American Street Railway Association

HELD IN

assembly room, windsor hall, montreal, can., October 15-18, 1895

Mr. Joel Hurt

{President Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway Company, Atlanta, Ga.) PRESIDENT

association ©rgant3eo December I3tb, 1882

1895-96

T F

101

A 6

OFFICE OF THE ASSOCIATION

2020 STATE STREET, CHICAGO

PETTIBONE SAWTELL A CO. PRINTERS CMICAG

-- Tit;:: -~2j- iii-niar

VERBATIM REPORT

OF THE

FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

American Street Railway Association

HELD IN

assembly room, windsor hall, montreal, can., October 15-18, 1895

Mr. Joel Hurt

{President Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway Company, Atlanta, Ga.) PRESIDENT

Bssocfatfon ©rganf3eo December 13tb, 1882

1895 = 96

OFFICE OF THE ASSOCIATION

2020 STATE STREET, CHICAGO

LIBRARY SUREAU Or RAIL A' i- ZCONQMrCS,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

"* EXCHANGE

NOV 6-

1916

" MONTREAL, 1895."

PETTiBONE SAWTELL & CO. PRINTERS AND STATIONERS CHICAGO 48505

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Frontispiece, Mr. Joel Hurt, President

Officers and Executive Committee, 1895-96 9

Officers at Organization 10

Officers since Organization 10

MINUTES.

Tuesday's Session — Morning 15

Delegates of Members 15

New Members 20

Representatives of Trade Papers 20

Approval of Minutes of Last Regular Meeting 21

Address of the President 21

Motion in Relation to Executive Committee's Report 24

Motion in Relation to Minutes of Executive Committee 24

Report of the Treasurer 24

Action on Report of the Treasurer 28

Address of Welcome by Mayor Villeneuve 28

Address of Welcome by Colonel Stephenson 30

Motion in Relation to Discussion on Transfers 31

Recess 33

Minutes Continued 33

Tuesday's Session — Afternoon 33

Report of Mr. E. J. Wessels on the Present Status of the Air-Brake 34

Action Concerning the Foregoing Paper 40

Discussion Ensuing , 40

Remarks of Mr. Harry Scullin 40

Remarks of Mr. Robert McCulloch 42

Motion in Relation to Mr. W. J. Carruthers-Wain 44

Remarks of Mr. John A. Seely 44

Announcement in Relation to Exhibits 48

Recess 48

Wednesday's Session — Morning 48

vi. Contents.

PAGE.

Resolution Relative to the Nomination of Officers 48

Opening of Discussion on Transfers by Mr. C. Densmore Wyman. . 55

Paper on Transfers by Mr. George W. Baumhoff 61

Action Concerning Foregoing Paper 63

Remarks of Mr. C. J. Sergeant 64

Remarks of Mr. B. E. Charlton 66

Remarks of Mr. Robert McCulloch 66

Remarks of Mr. Joel Hurt 68

Motion in Relation to Discussion on Transfers 71

Action in Relation to Representatives from the Dublin Tramways. 71

Recess 73

Wednesday's Session — Afternoon 73

Invitation from Managers of French Opera 73

Report of the Executive Committee 74

Special Reports 78

Executive Session 78

Recess 79

Letter from Mr. M. K. Bowen 79

Minutes of Special Meeting of the Executive Committee, New York 84

Minutes of Special Meeting of the Executive Committee, Montreal 92

Obituaries 94

Obituaries 95

Monday's Session— Afternoon, Executive Committee 96

Monday's Session — Evening, Executive Committee 97

Tuesday's Session — Morning, Executive Committee 97

Tuesday's Session — Afternoon, Executive Committee 97

Tuesday's Session — Evening, Executive Committee 98

Wednesday's Session — Morning, Executive Committee 99

Wednesday's Session — Afternoon, Executive Committee 99

Amendments to Constitution and By-Laws offered by the Executive

Committee 100

Constitution — Proposed Amendments 100

By-Laws — Proposed Amendments 101

Discussion Following Executive Committee's Report 105

Invitation to McGill University 108

Wednesday Afternoon — Second Session 113

Remarks of Mr. Russell B. Harrison 113

Remarks of Mr. C. Densmore Wyman 121

Contents. vii.

PAGE.

Remarks of Mr. C. B. Fairchild 136

Remarks of Mr. Joel Hurt 139

Action on Report of the Executive Committee 144

Motion in Relation to Nominating Committee 144

Motion in Relation to Committee on Ways and Means 145

Thursday's Session — Morning 145

Invitation Extended from Saratoga 146

Invitation Extended from St. Louis 147

Invitation Extended from Chicago 147

Letter and Resolution of Mr. W. J. Hammer t 149

Remarks of Mr. W. J. Hammer 151

Action on Resolution of Mr. W. J. Hammer 152

Paper on Ties and Poles 153

Action on Paper on Ties and Poles 160

Report of Committee on Patents 161

Action on Report of Committee on Patents 166

Announcement in Relation to Trains 168

Thursday's Session — Afternoon 169

Report of Committee on Ways and Means 169

Motion Concerning Report of Committee on Ways and Means 175

Discussion on Report of Committee on Ways and Means 176 to 206

Report of Nominating Committee 206

Election of Officers 209

Paper on Use of Salt and Sand on Tracks 210

Action on Foregoing Paper 210

Vote of Thanks to Officers and the Executive Committee 211

Vote of Thanks to Mr. Higgins 212

Statement in Relation to Tickets 214

Motion on Paper on Electric Heating of Cars 216

Friday's Session — Morning 217

Discussion on Free Music, etc 218

Paper on Car Heating by Mr. J. L. McElroy 220

Report of Committee on Thanks to Citizens of Montreal 235

Telegram from Mr. H. H. Littell 236

Installation of the President and Secretary Elect 237

Adjournment 237

Fourteenth Annual Banquet 238

Remarks of the President 239

viii. Contents.

PAGE.

Toast: "His Excellency, the President of the United States."

Responded to by Dr. Anderson 239

Toast: "The City of Montreal." Responded to by Mayor Vil-

leneuve 243

Toast: "American Street Railway Association." Responded to

by Colonel Stephenson 244

Remarks of Hon. Mr. Beaubien 247

Toast, " The Montreal Street Railway Company." Responded to

by Mr. G. C. Cunningham 249

Toast: " Our Guests." Responded to by Sir Alexander Lacoste

and Hon. A. W. Oglivie 249 and 251

Toast: "The Ladies." Responded to by Mr. J. H. Stedman 253

Toast: "The Technical Press." Responded to by Mr. Charles W.

Price 255

Toast: "The Press." Responded to by Mr. Soval 256

Remarks of Mr. Burns 256

Toast: "Our Next Merry Meeting." Responded to by Colonel

Cunningham 257

Special Committees, 1896 258

Next Regular Meeting 259

Constitution and By-Laws 260

List of Members and their Officers 264

OFFICERS, 1895-6.

PRESIDENT:

H. M. LITTELL,

President, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Company, Brooklyn, New York.

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT:

GRANVILLE C CUNNINGHAM,

Manager, Montreal Street Railway Company, Montreal, Can.

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

WILLIAM H.JACKSON,

President, Nashville Street Railway, Nashville, Tenn.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT:

J.WILLARD MORGAN,

President, Camden, Gloucester and Woodbury Railroad Company, Camden, N. J.

SECRETARY AND TREASURER:

T. C. PENINGTON,

Treasurer, Chicago City Railway Company, Chicago, III.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:

President, Vice-Presidents and

Joel Hurt, Pres. Atlanta Consolidated Street Railroad Co.,

Atlanta, Ga.

Prentiss Cummings, Vice-Pres. West End Street Railway Co.,

Boston, Mass.

C. G. Goodrich, Vice-Pres. Twin City Railway Co.,

St. Paul, Minn.

A. Markle, Gen., Man. Lehigh Traction Co.,

Hazleton, Pa.

W. F. Kelly, Gen. Man. Columbus Street Railway Co.,

Columbus, Ohio.

PLACE OF MEETING, ST LOUIS, MO.

OFFICERS, ORGANIZATION.

CHAIRMAN : MOODY MERRILL,

President, Highland Street Railway Company, Boston, MaS3.

SECRETARIES:

CHAUNCEY C. WOODWORTH,

secretary, Rochester City and Brighton Railroad Company, Rochester, AT. Y.

CHARLES B. CLEGG,

President, Oakwood and Dayton Street Railway Companies, Dayton, O. PLACE OP MEETING, BOSTON, MASS.

OFFICERS SINGE ORGANIZATION. OFFICERS, i882-'83.

PRESIDENT : H. H. LITTELL,

General Manager, Louisville City Railway Company, Louisville, Ky. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT : SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT :

WILLIAM H. HAZZARD, CALVIN A. RICHARDS,

President, Brooklyn City Railroad President, Metropolitan Railroad

Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. Company, Boston, Mass.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

GEORGE B. KERPER, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

President, Mount Adams and Eden Park Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad

Inclined Railway, Cincinnati, O. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

JULIUS S. WALSH, Pres., Citizens' Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Charles Cleminshaw, Vice-Pres., Troy and Lansingburgh Railroad Co., Troy, N. Y Thomas Lowry, Pres., Minneapolis Street Railway Co., Minneapolis, Minn. James K. Lake, Supt., Chicago West Division Railway, Chicago, 111. Daniel F. Longstreet, Gen. Man., Union Railroad Co., Providence, R.I. PLACE OF MEETING, CHICAGO, ILL.

OFFICERS, i883-'84-

PRESIDENT: WILLIAM H. HAZZARD,

President , Brooklyn City Railroad Company, Brooklyn, N. V. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

JAMES K. LAKE, GEORGE B. KERPER,

Superintendent, Chicago West Division President, Mt. Adams and Eden Park In-

Railway, Chicago, III. dined Railway, Cincinnati, O.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

DANIEL F. LONGSTREET, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

General Manager, Union Railroad Co., Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Providence, R. I. Company, Brooklyn, I\l. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

H. H. LITTELL, Gen. Man., Louisville City Railway Co., Louisville, Ky. John G. Holmes, Pres., Citizens' Street Railroad Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. JULIUS E. Rugg, Supt., Highland Street Railroad, Boston, Mass. Pierre C. Maffitt, Pres., Missouri Railroad Co., St. Louis, Mo. Jacob SHARP, Pres., Twenty-third Street Railway Co., New York, N. Y. PLACE OF MEETING, NEW YORK, N. Y.

OFFICERS, i884-'85.

PRESIDENT : CALVIN A. RICHARDS,

President, Metropolitan Railroad Company, Boston, Mass. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

JULIUS S. WALSH, HENRY M. WATSON,

President, Citizens' Railway Company, President, Buffalo Street Railroad

St. Louis, Mo. Company, Buffalo, N. Y.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT: SECRETARY AND TREASURER:

EDWARD LUSHER, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

Sec. and Treas., Montreal City Passenger Secretary , Atlantic Avenue Railroad Railway Company, Montreal, Can. Company, Brooklyit, J\l. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

William H. Hazzard, Pres., Brooklyn City Railroad Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. James K. Lake, Supt.. Chicago West Division Railway, Chicago, 111. Charles J. Harrah, Pres., People's Passenger Railway Co., Philadelphia, Pa. William White, Pres., Dry Dock, E. Broadway & B. Railroad Co., New York, N. Y B. DU PONT, Pres., Central Passenger Railroad Co., Louisville, Ky. PLACE OF MEETING, ST. LOUIS, MO.

OFFICERS, i885-'S6.

president : JULIUS S. WALSH,

President, Citizens' Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

WILLIAM WHITE, CHARLES B. HOLMES,

President, Dry Dock, E. Broadway &* B. President, Chicago City Railway Company, Railroad Company, New York, jV. Y. Chicago, 111.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

SAMUEL LITTLE, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

"p7-easurer, Highland Street Railway Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Company, Bosto'n, Mass. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

Cai.vin A. Richards, Pres., Metropolitan Railroad Co., Boston, Mass. John Kilgour, Pres., Cincinnati Street Railway Co., Cincinnati, O. JOHN Maguire, Pres., City Railroad Co., Mobile, Ala.

Thomas W. Ackley, Pres., 13th and 15th Streets Pass. Railway Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Chauncey C. Woodworth, Sec, Rochester City & B. Railroad Co., Rochester, N. Y.

PLACE OF MEETING, CINCINNATI, O.

OFFICERS, i886-'87.

PRESIDENT : THOMAS W. ACKLEY,

President, 13th and 15th Streets Passenger Rail-way Company, Philadelphia, Pa. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

ALBERT G. CLARK, WILLIAM H. SINCLAIR,

Vice-President, Cincinnati Street Railway President, Galveston City Railroad

Company, Cincinnaci, O. Company, Galveston, Tex.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

PRENTISS CUMMINGS, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

President, Cambridge Railroad Company, Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Cambridge, Mass. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

Julius S. Walsh, Pres., Citizens' Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Henry Hurt, Pres., Washington and Georgetown Railroad Co., Washington, D. C. C. Densmore Wyman, Vice-Pres., Central Park, N. & E. River Railroad Co., N. Y. A. Everett, Pres., East Cleveland Railroad Co., Cleveland, O. Samuel S. Spaulding, Pres., East Side Street Railroad Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PLACE OF MEETING. PHILADELPHIA. PA.

OFFICERS, i887-'88.

PRESIDENT : CHARLES B. HOLMES, President, Chicago City Railway Company, Chicago, III. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

JULIUS E. RUGG, R. DUDLEY FRAYSER,

General Superintendent, Boston Consolidated President, Memphis City Railway Com- Street Railway, Boston, Mass. pany, Memphis, Tenn.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

CHARLES B. CLEGG, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

Director, Dayton Street Railroad Com- Secretary , Atlantic Avenue Railroad pany, Dayton, O. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

Thomas W. Ackley, Pres., 13th and 15th Streets Pass. Railway Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Winfield Smith, Pres., Cream City Railroad Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Daniel F. Lewis, Pres., Brooklyn City Railroad Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles Green, Pres., People's Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo. Edward G. Mosher, Supt., Augusta and Summerville Railroad, Augusta, Ga. PLACE OF MEETING, WASHINGTON, D. O.

OFFICERS, l888-'89.

PRESIDENT : GEORGE B. KERPER,

President , Mount Adams and Eden Park Inclined Railway, Cincinnati, O. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

JESSE METCALF, HENRY HURT,

President, Union Railroad Company, President, Washington and Georgetown

Providence, R. I. Railroad Company, Washington, D. C.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT: SECRETARY AND TREASURER:

WILLIAM H. MARTIN, WILLIAM J. RICHARDSON,

Vice-President , Ferries and Clijf House Secretary, A tlantic A venue Railroad Railway Company, San Francisco, Cat. Company, Brooklyn^ N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

Charles B. Holmes, Pres., Chicago City Railway Co., Chicago, 111. JOHN SCULLIN, Pres., Union Depot Railroad Co., St. Louis, Mo. James H. Johnston, Pres., City and Suburban Railway Co., Savannah, Ga. Henry A. Sage, Pres., Easton, S. Easton & W. E. Pass. Railway Co., Easton, Pa. EDWARD J. LAWLESS, Supt., Metropolitan Street Railway, Kansas City, Mo.

JPLACE OF MEETING. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.

OFFICERS, i889-'oo.

PRESIDENT : THOMAS LOWRY,

President, Minneapolis, and St. Paul, Street Railway Companies, Minneapolis, . FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT:

C. DENSMORE WYMAN, JOHN C. SHAFFER,

Vice-President, Central Park, North and East President, Citizens'1 Street Railroad

River Railroad Company, New York, N, Y. Company, Indianapolis, Ind.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

robert Mcculloch, william j. richardson,

General Manager, Citizens', St. Louis, Cass Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad

Avenue £r° Fair Grounds, and Benton-Belle- Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

fontaine Railways, St. Louis, Mo.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

George B. Kerper, Pres., Mt. Adams and E. P. Inc. Railway Co., Cincinnati, O. George W. Kiely, Man. Dir., Toronto Street Railway Co., Toronto, Canada. Frank H. Monks, Gen. Man., West End Street Railway Co., Boston, Mass. Raphael Semmes, Supt., Citizens' Street Railroad, Memphis, Tenn. Francis M. Eppley, Pres., Orange Cross-Town & B. Railway Co., Orange, N. J. PLACE OF MEETING, BUFFALO, N. Y.

OFFICERS, i890-'9i.

PRESIDENT:

HENRY M. WATSON,

President- Buffalo Street Railroad, and Buffalo East Side Street Railway, Companies,

Buffalo, N. V.

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT : THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT :

WILLIAM A. SMITH, ANDREW D. RODGERS,

General Manager, Omaha Street Railway President, Columbus Consolidated Street

Company, Omaha, Neb. Railroad Company, Columbus, O.

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

CHARLES ODELL, WM. J. RICHARDSON,

President, Newburyport &* Amesburv Street Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Railroad Co7npany, Newburyport, Mass. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

Thomas Lowry, Pres., Minneapolis and St. Paul Street R'y Co's., Minneapolis, Minn. David F. Henry, Pres., Federal Street and P. V. Pass, Railway Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Albert E. Thornton, Dir., Atlanta Street Railroad Co., Atlanta, Ga. Harvey M. Littell, Gen. Man., Cincinnati Inclined Plane R'y Co., Cincinnati, O. Thomas C. Keefer, Pres., Ottawa City Pass. Railway Co., Ottawa, Canada. PLACE OF MEETING, PITTSBURG. PA.

OFFICERS, i89i-'92.

president : JOHN G. HOLMES,

President, Citizens1 Traction Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT : SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT :

THOMAS H. McLEAN, JAMES B. SPEED.

Secretary, Twenty-third Street Railway President, Louisville City Railway Company \ New York, N. Y. Company, Louisville, Ky.

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

ALBION E. LANG, WM. J. RICHARDSON,

Vice-President, Toledo Consolidated Street Secretary, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Railway Company, Pole do, O. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

HENRY M. Watson, Pres., Buffalo Railway Co." Buffalo, N. Y.

Lewis Perrine, Jr., Pres., Trenton Pass. Railway Co. Consolidated. Trenton, N. T. W, Worth Bean, Pres., St. Joseph and Benton Harbor R'y Co., St. Joseph, Mich. Murry A. Verner, Pres., Pittsburgh and Birmingham Traction Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. Thomas C. Penington, Treas., Chicago City Railway Co., Chicago. lik PLACE OF MEETING, CLEVELAND, O.

OFFICERS, i892-'93.

PRESIDENT:

D. F. LONGSTREET,

Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man., West E?id Street Railroad Company, Denver, Col.

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT : THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT :

A. EVERETT, W. WORTH BEAN,

President, East Cleveland Railroad President, St. Joseph &* Benton Harbor Company, Cleveland, O. Electric Ry. Co., St. Joseph, Mich.

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

JOEL HURT, WM. J. RICHARDSON,

Preside?it, Atlanta Consolidated Street Sec. and Treas., Atlantic Avenue Railroad Railroad Company, Atlanta, Ga. Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

John G. Holmes, Pres., Citizens' Traction Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. John D. Crimmins, Pres., Metropolitan Traction Co., New York, N. Y. Thomas J. Minary, Gen. Man., Louisville Railway Co., Louisville, Ky. James R. Chapman, Vice-Pres., Consolidated St. Railway Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Benjamin E. Charlton, Pres., Hamilton Street Railway Co., Hamilton, Ont.

PLACE OF MEETING, MILWAUKEE, WIS.

OFFICERS, i893-'94.

PRESIDENT : HENRY C. PAYNE, Vice-President, Milwaukee Street Railway Company, Milwaukee, Wis.

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT : THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT :

WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON, LEWIS PERR1NE, JR.,

President, Metropolitan Railroad Com- Preside?it, Trenton Passenger Railway

pany, Washington, D. C. Company, Consolidated, Trenton, N. J.

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT : SECRETARY AND TREASURER :

JAMES R. CHAPMAN, WM. J. RICHARDSON,

Vice-Preside fit. Consolidated Street Rail- Sec. and Treas., Atlantic Avenue Rail- way Company, Grand Rapids, Mich. road Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: President, Vice-Presidents and

D. F. LONGSTREET, Vice-Pres., West End Street Railway Co., Denver, Col. Thomas H. McLean, Gen. Man., Citizens' Street Railroad Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Edwards Whitaker, Pres., Lindell Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo.

W. Y. Soper, Pres., Ottawa Electric Street Railway Co., Ottawa, Can.

E. S. Goodrich, Pres., Hartford Street Railway Co., Hartford, Conn.

PLACE OF MEETING, ATLANTA. GA.

OFFICERS, 1894-'95.

president: JOEL HURT,

President, Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway Company, Atlanta, Ga. first vice-president : third vice-president :

W.WORTH BEAN, RUSSELL B. HARRISON,

Pres., St. Joseph & Benton Harbor Electric Pres., Terre Haute Street Railway Com Railway and Light Co., St. Joseph, Mich. pany, Terre Haute, Ind.

second vice-president : secretary and treasurer :

JOHN H. CUNNINGHAM, WM. JAMES RICHARDSON.

Director, Lynn and Boston Railroad Com- Director, Atlantic Avenue Railroad Com- pany, Boston, Mass. pany. Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:

President, Vice-Presidents and

Henry C. Payne, Vice-Pres., Milwaukee Street Railway Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

William H. Jackson, Pres., Nashville Street Railway, Nashville, Tenn.

r> r WA,„T,-r,w J Pres., Cass Ave. and Fair Grounds 1 St r • M

D. G. Hamilton, -j Ry Co and St Louis r. r. Co. j 5t- 1'0U1S' Ma

Granville C. Cunningham, Man., Montreal Street Railway Co., Montreal, Can.

John N. Partridge, Pres., Brooklyn City & Newtown Railroad Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

PLACE OF MEETING, MONTREAL, CANADA.

MINUTES.

TUESDAY'S SESSION.

Windsor Hall, Montreal, Can.,

October 15, 1895.

The President, Mr. Joel Hurt, of Atlanta, Ga., called the meeting to order at 11:30 A. M.

DELEGATES OF MEMBERS. (Arranged Alphabetically According to Cities.)

The following persons were found to be in attendance at the meeting, representing Companies that are members of the Association :

Akron, O W. D. Chapman, Gen. Supt., Akron St. R. R. Co.

Atlanta, Ga Joel Hurt, Pres., Atlanta Consolidated St. R. R. Co.

Baltimore, Md...S. B. Thompson, Mast. Mech., City and Suburban

Ry. Co. Bay City, Mich.. .Clinton C. Rush, Man., Bay Cities Consolidated St.

Ry. Co. Birmingham, Ala. J. B. McClary, Supt., Birmingham Ry. & Elec Co.

Boston, Mass Chas. S. Sergeant, Gen. Man., West End St. Ry. Co.

Bridgeport, Con. Andrew Radel, Pres., Bridgeport Traction Co. " N. H. Heft, Dir., Bridgeport Traction Co. " Henry Letzer, Jr., Dir., Bridgeport Traction Co. Brockton, Mass. Horace B. Rogers, Gen. Man., Brockton St. Ry. Co.

" " John P. Morse, Dir., Brockton St. Ry. Co.

Brooklyn, N.Y.. .H. M. Littell, Pres., Atlantic Avenue St. R. R. Co.

" . .Duncan B. Cannon, Treas., Brooklyn City and New- town R. R. Co. Buffalo, N.Y.. . .H. M. Watson, Pres., Buffalo Ry. Co. " . . . . F. O. Rusling, Supt., Buffalo Ry. Co.

" H. P. Brown, Con. Eng., Buffalo Ry. Co.

Camden, N. J J. Willard Morgan, Pres., Camden, Gloucester and

Woodbury Ry. Co.

" W. J. Thompson, Treas., Camden, Gloucester and

Woodbury Ry. Co.

" Thomas P. Curley, Sec, Camden, Gloucester and

Woodbury Ry. Co.

i6

Fourteenth Annual Mectim

Cincinnati, O.

Cleveland, O. Columbus, O. .

Camden, N. J Horace M. Royal, Supt., Camden, Gloucester and

Woodbury Ry. Co.

" " Samuel J. Fenner, Supt., Camden Horse R. R. Co.

" " W. E. Harrington, Elec. Eng., Camden Horse R. R.

Co. Carbondale, Pa. J. W. Aitken, Gen. Man., Lackawanna Valley Rapid Transit Co. " .D. C. Duncan, Gen. Supt., Lackawanna Valley Rapid Transit Co.

Chicago, 111 E. D. Dubois, Supt., Calumet Electric St. Ry. Co.

. T. C. Penington, Treas., Chicago City Ry. Co. . Frank R. Greene, Sec, Chicago City Ry. Co. . Robert J. Hill, Chief Eng., Chicago City Ry. Co. . J. Millar, Master Mech., North Chicago St. R. R. Co. .C. B. Fairchild, West Chicago St. R. R. Co. . F. L. Fuller, Supt., West Chicago St. R. R. Co. . F. T. C. Brydges, Supt., West Chicago St. R. R. Co. . H. P. Bradford, Gen. Man., Cincinnati Inc. Plane

Ry. Co. .Thomas M. Jenkins, Gen. Supt., So. Covington and

Cincinnati St. Ry. Co. . .George G. Mulhern, Supt., Cleveland City Ry. Co. . . W. F. Kelly, Gen. Supt., Columbus St. Ry. Co.

Dayton, O Ezra Bimm, Vice-Pres., Wayne and Fifth Street R.

R. Co.

" " Nelson Routzahn, Supt., Wayne and Fifth Street R.

R. Co.

Derby, Conn H. Holton Wood, Pres., Derby St. Ry. Co.

" B. W. Porter, Sec. and Supt., Derby St. Ry Co.

Des Moines, Ia..G. B. Hippee, Treas. and Gen. Man., Des Moines City Ry. Co. " . . W. G. Owens, Supt., Des Moines City Ry. Co. Detroit, Mich...N. W. Goodwin, Sec, Fort Wayne and Belle Isle Ry. Co. " ...Charles M. Swift, Pres., Wyandotte and Detroit River Ry. Co. Fall RiVER,Mass.Robert S. Goff, Treas., Globe St. Ry. Co. Geneva, N. Y. . . .J. T. Ridgeway, Geneva, Waterloo, Seneca Falls and

Cayuga Lake Traction Co. Grand Rapids, Mich., G. S. Johnson, Gen. Man. Consolidated St. Ry. Co.

" W. W. Annable, Mach., Consolidated St. Ry. Co. Hamilton, Ont. .B. E. Charlton, Pres., Hamilton St. Ry. Co.

" " . . W. W. Dean, Elec Eng., Hamilton St. Ry. Co.

Harrisburg, Pa. .F. B. Musser, Supt., East Harrisburg Pass. Ry. Co. Hartford, Conn.E. S. Goodrich, Pres., Hartford St. Ry. Co. Hazleton, Pa. . . . A. Markle, Gen. Man., Lehigh Traction Co.

" ....George W. Thompson, Supt., Lehigh Traction Co.

American Street Railway Association. I j

Indianapolis, Ind.

Thos. H. McLean, Gen. Man., Citizen's St. R. R. Co. Johnstown, Pa...E. B. Entwisle, Johnstown Pass. Ry. Co. Kansas City, Mo. William A. Satterlee, Metropolitan St. Ry. Co.

" " " .C. T. Holmes, Metropolitan St. Ry. Co.

Lancaster, N. Y. .Richard E. Danforth, Supt., Buffalo, Bellevue and

Lancaster Ry. Co. Lawrence, Mass. Charles A. Clark, Lowell, Lawrence and Haverhill St. Ry. Co. " .Charles A. Richardson, Lowell, Lawrence and Haver- hill St. Ry. Co. Lock Haven, Pa..C. A. Bragg, Lock Haven Elec. Ry. Co.

" " ..John H. Seely, Elec, Lock Haven Elec, Ry. Co.

" ..James P. McQuaide, Lock Haven, Elec, Ry. Co.

London, Ont Charles E. A. Carr, Gen. Man., London St. Ry. Co.

Long Island City, N. Y.

George Chambers, Gen. Man. Steinway Ry. Co. Louisville, Ky. .T. J. Minary, Gen. Man., Louisville Ry. Co. " " . . J. O. Haddox, Supt., Louisville Ry. Co.

Lynn, Mass J. H. Cunningham, Dir., Lynn and Boston R. R. Co.

Manchester, N. H.,

Charles Williams, Pres., Manchester St. Ry. Co. " N. H. Walker, Gen. Man., Manchester St. Ry. Co. " " Arthur H. Williams, Dir., Manchester St. Ry. Co.

" J. H. Gallinger, Manchester St. Ry. Co. Milwaukee, Wis.,

C. D. Wyman, Gen. Man., Milwaukee St. Ry. Co. Minneapolis. Minn.,

C. G. Goodrich, V. Pres., Twin City Rapid Transit Co. E. P. Burch, Elec. Eng., Twin City Rapid Transit Co.

Mobile, Ala John G. Pugh, Mobile St. Ry. Co.

Montreal, Can.. Louis Beaubien, Pres., Montreal Park and Isl. Ry. Co. ..Henry Holgate, Man., Montreal Park and Isl. Ry. Co. ..Albert J. Corriveau, Montreal Park and Isl. Ry. Co. ..L. J. Forget, Pres., Montreal St. Ry. Co. ..E. Lusher, Sec. and Treas., Montreal St. Ry. Co. ..Granville C. Cunningham, Man., Montreal St. Ry. Co. ..D. McDonald, Supt., Montreal St. Ry. Co. ..J. F. Hill, Comp., Montreal St. Ry. Co. Nashville, Tenn.W. H. Jackson, Pres., Nashville St. Ry. Co.

" .Edward G. Connette, Gen. Man., Nashville St. Ry. Co.

Newark, N. J Andrew Radel, Supt., Newark and South Orange Rv.

Co. " . ...C. J. Field, Con. Eng., Newark and South Orange Ry. Co. New Bedford, Mass.,

E. E. Potter, Supt., Union St. Ry. Co.

1 8 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

New Bedford, Mass.,

C. S. Mendell, Elec. Eng., Union St. Ry. Co.

New Britain, Conn.,

A. M. Young, Pres., Central Ry. and Electric Co. " " E. S. Breed, Gen. Man., Central Ry. and Electric Co.

Newburyport, Mass.,

Tames E. Shaw, Haverhill and Amesbury St. Ry.

Co. H. F. Eldridge, Haverhill and Amesbury St. Ry. Co, Charles Odell, Pres., Newburyport and Amesbury

Horse Ry. Co. Warren Shaw, Newburyport and Amesbury Horse Ry. Co. " William P. Clark, Newburyport and Amesbury Horse

Ry. Co. New Haven, Conn.,

G. A. W. Dodge, Treas., New Haven St. Ry. Co. " Israel A. Kelsey, Gen. Man., Winchester Avenue R. R. Co. " " " Albert E. Pond, Supt., Winchester Avenue R. R. Co.

New Orleans, La.,

Frank R. Ford, Man., Canal and Claiborne R. R. Co. New York, N. Y. .E. T. Landon, Sec, Dry Dock, East Broadway and

Battery R. R. Co. Norwalk, Conn. .E. J. Hill, Pres., Norwalk St. Ry. Co.

" " . . W. F. Acton, Sec, Norwalk St. Ry. Co.

Norwich, Conn.. .W. S. Silver, Sec, Norwich St. Ry. Co. " " . ..W. G. Benedict, Dir., Norwich St. Ry Co.

Omaha, Neb W. A. Smith, Gen. Man., Omaha St. Ry. Co.

Ottawa, Ont J. W. McRae, Pres., Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.

" W. Y. Soper, Yice-Pres., Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.

■' " J. D. Frazer, Sec. and Treas., Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.

" J. E. Hutcheson, Supt., Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.

" T. Ahearn, Man. Dir., Ottawa Electric Ry. Co.

Paterson, N. J...M. R. McAdoo, Gen. Man., Paterson Central Elec- tric Ry. Co. " .. .M. R. McAdoo, Gen. Man., Paterson Ry. Cof Philadelphia, Pa. A. L. Johnson, Elec. Eng., Hestonville, Mantua and Fairmount Pass. R. R. Co. " J. C. Lagar, Gen. Man., Manayunk and Roxborough

Inclined Plane and Ry. Co. " John A. Brill, Dir., Manayunk and Roxborough In- clined Plane and Ry. Co. Pittsburg, Pa. . ..G. F. Greenwood, Gen. Man., Allegheny Traction Co. " .. ..J. E. Rugg, Gen. Man., Citizens' Traction Co.

" G. F. Greenwood, Gen. Man., Pittsburgh, Allegheny

and Manchester Traction Co. " ... ..J. G. Traggarh, Sec. and Treas., Pittsburgh Trac- tion Co. "....William L. Elkins, Gen. Man., Pittsburgh Trac- tion Co.

American Street Railway Association. 19

Port Huron, Mich.,

William Canham, Pres., City Electric Ry. Co. " " .W. L. Jenks, Treas., City Electric Ry. Co.

" " .A. Dixon, Man., City Electric Ry. Co.

Portland, Me. . .William R. Wood, Pres., Portland R. R. Co. Providence, R.I. A. T. Potter, Gen. Man., Union R. R. Co.

Ouincy, Mass Benjamin J. Weeks, Supt., Quincy and Boston St.

Ry. Co.

" " John A. Duggan, Ouincy and Boston St. Ry. Co.

Reading, Pa John A. Rigg, Pres., Reading Traction Co.

" " W. Henylings, Asst., Reading Traction Co.

Rochester, N. Y. Charles A. Williams, Sec, Rochester Ry. Co. " " Joseph W. Hicks, Supt., Rochester Ry. Co.

" " J. H. Stedman, Rochester Ry. Co.

Rockland, Me. . .George E. Macomber, Pres., Rockland, Thomaston and Camden St. Ry. Co. " ...S.M.Price, Vice-Pres., Rockland, Thomaston and

Camden St. Ry. Co. " .. .Thomas Hawkin, Supt., Rockland, Thomaston and

Camden St. Ry. Co. " ...H. C. Weston, Elec, Rockland, Thomaston and Camden St. Ry. Co.

Sandusky, O Frank J. J. Sloat, Sandusky St. Ry. Co.

Scranton, Pa Frank Silliman, Jr., Gen. Man., Scranton Traction Co.

Springfield, 111.. T. J. Minary, Pres., Springfield Consolidated Ry. Co. Springfield, Mass.,

George F. Reed, Elec. Supt., Springfield St. Ry. Springfield, O. . A. L. Nelson, Gen. Man., Springfield Ry. Co. Steelton, Pa. ... Mason D. Pratt, Eng., Middletown, Highspire and

Steelton Ry. Co. St. Joseph, Mich. W. Worth Bean, Pres., St. Joseph and Benton Harbor Electric Ry. and Light Co. " .H. C. Mason, Supt., St. Joseph and Benton Harbor Electric Ry. and Light Co.

St. Louis, Mo D. G. Hamilton, Pres., Cass Avenue and Fair Grounds

Ry. Co.

" Robert McCulloch, Gen. Man., Cass Avenue and Fair

Grounds Ry. Co. " . . . . D. G. Hamilton, Pres., Citizens' R. R. Co. " Robert McCulloch, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man., Citi- zens' R. R. Co.

" A. C. Thompson, Elec. Eng., Missouri R. R. Co.

" John C. Allen, Supt., Southern Electric Ry. Co.

" T. W. Shelton, Eng., Southern Electric Ry. Co.

" Harry Scullin, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man., Union

Depot Ry. Co. St. Paul, Minn. . .C. G. Goodrich, Vice-Pres., Twin City R. T. Co. " ... Edwin P. Burch, Elec. Eng., Twin City R. T. Co.

20 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Tampa, Fla John T. Douglass, Sec. and Supt., Consumer's Elec.

Light and St. Ry. Co. Terre Haute, Ind., Russell B. Harrison, Pres., Terre Haute Electric Ry. Co.

Toledo, O Charles L. Wight, Sec, The Toledo Traction Co.

Toronto, Ont James Gunn, Supt., Toronto St. Ry. Co.

" " J. M. Smith, Comp., Toronto St. Ry. Co.

Trenton, N. J.. . .Henry C. Moore, Treas. and Gen. Man., Trenton Pass. Ry. Co.

Troy, N. Y Charles H. Smith, Supt., Troy City Ry. Co.

Waterbury, Conn.,

A. M. Young, Sec, Waterbury Traction Co. " " J. E. Sewell, Gen. Man., Waterbury Traction Co.

Wilkes-Barre, Pa. John Graham, Gen. Man., Wilkes-Barre and Wyo- ming Valley Traction Co. " J. C. Meixell, Supt., Wilkes-Barre and Wyoming

Valley Traction Co. Williamsport, Pa., Ernest H. Davis, Gen. Man., Williamsport Pass. Ry. Co. " J. W. Cochran, Asst. Gen. Man., Williamsport Pass.

Ry. Co. Wilmington, Del.C. F. Hutchings, Wilmington City Ry. Co. Worcester, Mass.,

John N. Akarman, Supt., Worcester Consol. St. Ry. Co.

NEW MEMBERS. (Arranged Alphabetically According to Cities.)

Bay City, Mich Bay Cities Consolidated Street Ry. Co.

Dubuque, Ia Dubuque Street Ry. Co.

Geneva, N. Y Geneva, Waterloo, Seneca Falls and Cayuga

Lake Traction Co.

Lancaster, N. Y Buffalo, Bellevue and Lancaster Ry. Co.

New Brunswick, N. J. Brunswick Traction Co

New Haven, Conn New Haven Street Ry. Co.

New Orleans, La. . . .Canal and Claiborne R. R. Co. Philadelphia, Pa. ... Manayunk and Roxborough Inclined Plane

and Ry. Co. Quincy, Mass Quincy and Boston Street Ry. Co.

representatives of trade papers.

Canadian Engineer — E. B. Riggar. Electrical Age — W. T. Hunt. Electrical Age — Thos. R. Taltavall. Electrical Engineer — T. C. Martin. Electrical Engineer— A. C. Shaw. Electrical Industries — E. E. Wood.

American Street Railway Association. 21

Electrical Engineering — Fred. DeL/and. Electrical Review — Charles W. Price. Electrical Review— H. G. Tuckerman. Electricity— B. E. Greene. Electric Power — H. M. Davis. Electric Railway Gazette — J. W. Dickerson. Electric Railway Gazette — George T. Hanchett. Electric Railway Gazette — W. J. Johnston. Electric Railway Gazette — Cecil P. Poole. Electric Railway Gazette— William Taylor. Railroad Gazette— E. A. Simmons. Street Railway Journal — John B. Bennett. St. Louis Globe Democrat — W. B. Stevens. Street Railway Journal — Edward Caldwell. Street Railway Journal — Edward E. Higgins, Street Railway Journal— C. B. Fairchild, Jr. Street Railway Journal— W. E. Partridge. Street Railway Journal — W. H. Taylor. Street Railway Review — James Boyd. Street Railway Review — F. S. Kenfield. Street Railway Review — H. J. Kenfield. Street Railway Review — H. H. Windsor. The Car— W. C. Beard.

Western Electrician — W. Forman Collins. Western Electrician — W. F. Osborne. Official Stenographer — R. W. Ryan.

APPROVAL OF MINUTES OF LAST REGULAR MEETING.

The President : The first thing in order is the reading of the minutes of the last annual meeting. What is the pleasure of the body?

It was agreed on motion, that the reading of the min- utes of the last annual meeting be dispensed with, on approval. Carried.

address of the president.

The President then made the following address:

Gentlemen of the Association :

You are for the first time in convention beyond the confines of the States, and by this meeting on Canadian soil the lesson is taught, that the Association is endeavoring to extend and receive the benefits of fraternal intercourse, and broad educational work.

In this most beautiful city, situated in a profusion of nature's gifts to

22 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

man, an examination and contemplation of all that may be interesting would render your limited stay most enjoyable indeed. We hope you will enjoy your visit to the City of Montreal where you are now in con- vention in response to that noble fraternal spirit characteristic of the members of this Association throughout its entire field of operations, and which I am proud to say is so marked in our brethren in Montreal.

Let us not forget, however, that we meet also for practical, useful work and that you are at this Convention confronted with grave ques- tions to be determined.

Before referring to matters which are in order, and which should engage your especial attention, I feel constrained to speak in commend- ation of the papers presented at the last annual meeting, and to invite your attention to them. I refer especially to the paper on "Uniform System of Railway Accounts," by Mr. H. I. Bettis. The paper on "City and Suburban Electric Railways,'' by Mr. E. C. Foster, and the paper on " Mail, Express and Freight Service on Street Cars," by Mr. Robert McCulloch. While all the papers read bear evidence of much thought and merit, the three mentioned will be found especially useful.

The Street Railway problem of to-day is growing in importance more rapidly and is attracting to a study of its solution a greater number of educated men than any other branch of industrial work.

But a few years have sufficed to transform a business of dull drudg- ery and routine in which animal power was resorted to chiefly into a business in which the mysterious power " Electricity," but by a dis- tinguished scientist denomimated " God Vice-gerent," works a man's bidding at all sections of an immense system with instantaneous prompt- ness. The usefulness of this subtle will force is only equalled by the charm of its contemplation, and the ablest men of the day give homage to a business which invokes its application.

There are in operation to-day in the United States about 179,300 miles of steam roads, and about 13,500 miles of street railways. The passenger receipts on the steam roads the past year were $276,031,000. The gross receipts of street railways in the United States were between $125,000,000 and $140,000,000.

The street railway mileage of the United States is about 1%. per cent, of the steam railway mileage, and passenger receipts of street railways about 45 per cent, of the passenger receipts of steam roads,

The total capitalization, bonds and stocks of steam roads in the United States is about $11,000,000,000, and of the street railways about $1,300,000,000. The latter being about 11 per cent, of the former, while the profits of the steam roads were $322,000,000 and on the street rail- ways about $43,000,000, the latter being about 13% per cent, of the former. From these figures an idea may be gathered of the magnitude of the business.

The Association having referred to the Executive Committee the advisability of enlarging the scope of its work, the question will come back for your consideration, with the Committee's recommendations.

American Street Railway Association. 23

There are many questions which call for more extended and com- plete work. There are new branches of business to be cultivated by the companies, such as handling of freight and mail, the delivery of small parcels from retail stores through a system of express, the handling of building material to suburban localities, the handling of milk on special cars for the purpose, and the operation of funeral cars from any portion of the system into cemeteries where special facilities are pro- vided.

The companies will need to lend a mutual aid to each other through the National Association for the purpose of defeating hostile legislation in National, State and Municipal Governments, and to conduct a work all along the line which will tend to implant in the minds of the patrons of the roads the fundamental idea that the public interest demands friendly legislation for transportation companies, since this will tend to enable the companies to furnish the best and most rapid transportation, while hurtful legislation will tend to bring about the opposite result.

The relation of street railroads to steam roads is growing more interesting, and in some localities even perplexing, until the question is now being asked, what will be the solution of the extension of electric lines which are cutting so rapidly into the business of the steam roads. A partial consideration of this question brings forth the inquiry, Will not the interests of these two systems of transportation force an amalgama- tion of the systems, having thereby the main lines connecting distant points, and which will be operated into stations at convenient points in municipalities from which passengers will be transported over various street railway lines to their destination?

The steam roads of the country are organized, the territory being subdivided into several sections for the purpose of promoting harmony and mutual protection. While it is true that street railways do not now come into competition with each other, except to a limited extent, yet it is a question if their interests do not demand an organization with sufficient strength and facilities to keep a constant watch over the business throughout the country. It is believed that the time has come when a larger revenue must be raised either upon the assessment plan or by increasing the membership dues.

The great and important question before you here is the one to enlarge the scope of the Association. The Executive Committee has held three long sessions, two in this city and one in New York, the time being devoted chiefly to a consideration of this question. Seven days and nights have been spent in these meetings, the result of which will appear in the Committee's report, and to which your attention is invited.

I take this occasion to thank the members of the Association, es- pecially those of the Executive Committee, for the support and co- operation extended the officers of the Company.

24 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

MOTION IN RELATION TO EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORT.

The President: The report of the Executive Committee is next in order.

Mr. Bean: Mr. President and Gentleman of the Con- vention, on behalf of the Executive Committee I desire to ask further time for the Executive Committee to report.

The President: Will you indicate how much time you will need?

Mr. Bean: I presume the Committee will be ready by to-morrow morning.

The President: The Committee asks for further time to perfect its report.

A Member: I move that it be granted, Mr. President. The motion was carried.

MOTION IN RELATION TO MINUTES OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

The President: Now the minutes of the Executive Com- mittee will be next in order. Will you have those minutes read? They are possibly not perfected, but I should say they are about ready.

Mr. Bean: I move that you dispense with the reading of the minutes until after the report is made, if that is in order.

The President: Would you dispense with the reading of the minutes entirely, Mr. Bean, or would you have them wait until after the Committee's report is read? Will the Committee's report not embrace substantially all that is contained in the minutes?

Mr. Bean: That is the point. I move simply to post- pone it now until the report is read.

The motion was carried.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

The President: We have next in order the Treasurer's report. What is the pleasure of the body in regard to that? Without objection or a motion to dispense with its reading we will have it read.

Mr. Higgins read the Treasurer's report as follows:

American Street Railway Association. 25

AMERICAN STR'EET RAILWAY ASSOCIATION. LIABILITIES SEPTEMBER 30, 1895.

Loan, W. J. Richardson $ 300 00

Strathearn Hendrie, Special Report 50 00

John N. Beckley 50 00

P. M. Dyer 50 00

Street Railway Gazette 3 00

John Lee's Sons 85 66

Joel Hurt, Executive Committee Expenses 125 00

W. J. Richardson Excutive Committee Expenses. ... 42 59

Frank R. Greene, " " " .... 55 00

J. H. Cunningham, " " " .... 27 00

Street Railway Review 2 00

Brooklyn Eagle, Printing and Reports 3162 00

Richardson & Hook, Royalty on 105 Volumes. De- cisions sold since last settlement, December 17,

1892, at $2 00 210 00

W. Worth Bean, Vice-President, two trips 137 35

Joel Hurt, President, Additional 121 85

D. G. Hamilton 115 00

W. H. Jackson 80 00

T. K. Glenn, Stenographer, Executive Committee. ... 66 59

Office Rent August, September, and October 125 00

$4808 04

RECAPITULATION.

LIABILITIES AS PER DETAILED STATEMENT. $4808 04

ASSETS.

Dues for the year 1895 $900 00

Less Charge to Profit and Loss by Order 900 00

Street Railway Decisions Subscription 10 00

Space at Atlanta Convention „ 114 00

Less Charged to Profit and Loss by Order 114 00

Volumes of Decisions on Hand 200 00

Office Furniture 125 00

Cash in bank, October 1st $385 71 $ 720 71

Deficit $4087 33

26

Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

ASSETS SEPTEMBER 30, 1895.

LIST OF DUES OWING FROM MEMBERS.

Sandusky Street R. R. Co 5 yrs

Hoosac Valley Street Ry. Co 6

Central Crosstown R. R. Co 4

Central Ry. Co., Peoria, 111 3

McKeesport and Reynoldton Pass. Ry.

Co., Pa 2

Syracuse Consolidated Street Ry. Co. . . .2 Colorado Springs Rapid Transit Ry. Co. 2 Second Avenue Pass. Ry.Co., Pittsburgh. 2

Paterson Central Electric Ry. Co 2

Canton, Massillon Electric Ry 2

Metropolitan R. R. Co., Washington

Citizens Electric Railway, Light and

Power Co., Mansfield

Allentown and Bethelem Rapid Transit

Co

"Columbia Electric Street Railway Light

and Power Co., S. C

Atlanta Traction Co

Miami Valley Ry. Co., Piqua, O

91-95 at $25 00 $125 00

90-95 " 25 00 150 00

92-95 " 25 00 100 00

93-95 " 25 00 75 00

94-95 "	25 00	50 00
94-95 '*	25 00	50 00
94-95 "	25 00	50 00
94-95 "	25 00	50 00
94-95 "	25 00	50 00
94-95 "	25 00	50 00
95	25 00	25 00
95		25 00
95		25 00 25 00
95		25 00
95		25 00

$900 00

COMPANIES HAVING PAID DUES SINCE STATEMENT MADE.

Pittsburgh, Pa., Second Avenue . Pass.

' Ry. Co 2 yrs. 93-95 at $25 00 $50 00

Syracuse, N. Y., Consolidated Street Ry.

Co 2 " 93-95" 25 00 50 00

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS STILL OWING FOR DECISIONS.

Macon and Indian Spring Electric St. Ry. Co., May 13 $10 00

LIST OF COMPANIES OWING FOR SPACE.

Lewis and Fowler Manufacturing Co. (Receiver) $36 00

Mather Electric Co., Manchester, Conn. (Receiver) 24 00

Graham Equipment Co., Providence, R. 1 24 00

J. W. Nagle, " The Car," Philadelphia 15 00

Safety Clutch Brake Co., Philadelphia 15 00

$114 00

Total Open Account Due Association $1024 00

American Street Raihvay Association. 27

" SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT, OCTOBER 14, 1885.

Cash Balance from Old Statement $385 71

Receipts from October 1 to 12, viz.: Admission Fees— Portland, Me., Portland R. R. Co. . . .$25 00

Derby, Conn., Derby Street Ry. Co 25 00

50 00

Annual Dues— Portland, Me., R. R. Co 25 00

Space at Montreal Exhibition, viz:

American Railway Joint Manufacturing Co $ 7 50

Hartford Woven Wire Manufacturing Co 8 10

Benedict and Burnham 15 00

Lobdell Car Wheel Co 7 50

Theophile Euphrat 9 90

Keller Printing Co '. 7 50

Cambria Iron Co 15 00

McPherson Sand Box Co 7 50

78 00

DECISIONS.

Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Co $ 4 25

Baltimore Traction Co 5 00

9 25

Receive for Old Typewriter .35 00

$582 96

DISBURSEMENTS OCTOBER 1st to 12th, 1895.

October 2d, Stonewall Jackson Account Salary $ 50 00

October 9th, Postage Stamps 20 00

October 10th, E. A. Strickland, Sundry Disbursement as per

Voucher 29 94

October 14th, E. A. Strickland, Salary to Date 100 00

$199 94 Balance in Bank October 14th 383 02

$582 96

RECEIPTS FROM OCTOBER 15, 1894, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1895.

Balance in Bank October 17, 1894 ,$94 07

Annual Dues $4250 00

Admission Fees 200 00

Banquet Tickets, Atlanta 280 00

Space in Exposition Building, Atlanta 808 00

American Street Railway Decisions 472 25

Reports 3 00

Advance to Atlanta Finance Committee 250 00

$7263 25

$7357 32

28 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

DISBURSEMENTS FROM OCTOBER 15, 1894, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1895.

Secretary's and Other Office Salaries $1436 81

Expenses Thirteenth Exposition, Atlanta 1001 86

Expenses Fourteenth Exposition, Montreal 12 00

Eleventh Annual Report 770 85

Expenses Thirteenth Annual Banquet, Atlanta. ... 1375 00

Loans Returned, on Account 500 00

Rent of Office 375 00

Expenses Incident to Thirteenth Annual Conven- tion 183 75

Postage 349 00 .

Preparation of Special Reports 165 55

Furniture and Equipment 233 95

New York and New Jersey Telephone Service 117 68

Steel Engravings of Presidents 93 18

Miscellaneous Expenses, Including Stationery and

Office Printing 349 48

Dues Returned 25 00

Refund, Overchange on Decisions 8 50

Southern States Passenger Association, Refund on Account of R. R. Ticket Improperly used by

Mr. Sweetzer 18 00

Cost of Auditing Accounts 25 00

$7040 61

Balance in Bank 316 71

$7357 32 ACTION ON THE REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

The President : What is your pleasure with the report?

On motion the report was received and ordered to be printed.

The President : The reading of the report of the Execu- tive Committee having been delayed it will be in order now to enter into Executive Session for the discussion of sub- jects which have been selected. I will ask if any gentlemen are present who were invited to open the discussion on Transfers?

At this point Mayor Villeneuve entered the hall.

ADDRESS OF WELCOME BY MAYOR VILLENEUVE.

The President : Gentlemen, we will suspend the order, without objection, and hear from the Mayor of Montreal, who is present with us.

American Street Railway Association. 29

Mayor Villeneuve was received with applause and addressed the Convention as follows :

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen :

It is for me a pleasant task as the Mayor of this city and on behalf of the citizens of Montreal to extend to you all a most cordial welcome^ You have assembled in our midst to hold the Fourteenth Annual Meet- ing of your organization and I may assure you that our city considers itself honored by your presence. Your Association considered in its object, and in the result of its labor, is undoubtedly one of the most important on the American Continent. So rapid has been the develop- ment of the electrical industry that few have been able to keep trace of its achievements. Its every improvement has been a work producer.. It has cost individuals and communities large sums of money but it has in every case produced more than the cost and it has been cheaper to have these improvements than to do without them. This fact cannot be questioned and the isolated cases of failure in practical experiments or poorly calculated investments are but the sacrifices by which the gen- eral good has been gained. I think I may venture the statement that the electrical industry has produced more changes in the mechanical service and convenience of civilized life than has ever been caused by the application of any other force subject to the service of man. There is probably no other application of electric power which has attracted closer attention from those whose interest is affected by it than its use for operating street railroads and in no other branch of service has electric power achieved a more brilliant success. I therefore beg ta congratulate you gentlemen, because you are members of an association whose object is to develop, promote, and extend, such an important industry, and I pray you to consider yourselves at home in our city, the commercial metropolis of Canada. I trust that your Convention will be fruitful and will result in benefit to yourselves as a body and to the com- munity at large. Rest assured that one and all the citizens of Montreal appreciate fully the honor you have done them in selecting their city as the scene of the present Convention and they trust that when you return to your homes you will take back with you pleasant and lasting memor- ies of Montreal. (Applause.)

The President : Your Honor, on behalf of the American Street-Railway Association we thank you for this welcome. Such generous words of greeting will be taken as sufficient license to see and enjoy all that is to be seen in your beau- tiful city. This Association represents one of the great industries of the country. Its members are called upon daily to confront grave and perplexing questions, and prob- ably in that direction are taxed more than the managers of any other class of industry. We invite you, sir, to be pres-

30 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

ent during the deliberations of this bod)' and we trust that you will enjoy your attending, if you are not otherwise bene- fitted.

ADDRESS OF WELCOME BY COLONEL STEPHENSON.

Gentlemen we have present with us Colonel Stephenson, an Alderman of the City, and I have no doubt you would be glad to hear from him. (Applause.)

Col. Stephenson : Mr. President and Gentlemen : — I have hardly got into a good condition for doing anything at all, having been under the railway, not under the electric railway I am sorry to say, because it was a much more slow arrangement than electric railways usually are, but having just returned from a trip extending over 2,850 miles, arriving late last night and attending a meeting of the corporation which usually is not a very — well, sometimes it is not a very agreeable business — and sometimes it is. (Laughter and applause.) Last night it was not very agreeable. I had a very good night's rest but was disturbed by the Mayor this morning asking me to meet him here and assist in the wel- come of the body which is here assembled, and I thought that was put- ting too much on one pair of shoulders. However, as mine are pretty broad, I may be able to get through this undertaking as I have got through others. His Worship, the Mayor, has extended to you the wel- come of the citizens. The welcome of the citizens is always accorded in the heartiest and most cordial manner to any association such as yours that assembles here for the good of the community. We are in the habit of looking upon electric railway companies as being organized more for their own benefit than for the benefit of others (laughter), but that is a fallacy ; the same as many others that obtain credence for a while, and by and by the people will learn better. (Applause.) I am glad to hear your President say that you intend to see all that can be seen in our good city. Well, gentlemen, I hope that you have brought a change of linen with you because it would take a couple of weeks or so in order to accomplish what he says you intend to do. Now you are just as welcome as if you were in your own city, and if you enter any of our own homes you will be as heartily welcomed as if you were at your own fireside. You have fallen into good hands considering that you are in the City of Montreal, a city that can undertake anything in the way of receptions and can usually carry them out in a style not second to any that I have seen anywhere else. (Applause.) Even if the citizens did not do their duty you have fallen into good hands. The Montreal Street Railway Company will no doubt treat you as well as they are treating the citizens at present. (Applause.) And if you are just as well pleased with their efforts as the citizens are pleased, you will have no ground for regretting that you came to this good city.

But badinage apart, I will say that this is an organization which was

American Street Railway Association. 31

severely handled at a meeting I attended the other day in the City of Augusta. It seems that that you are a very dangerous sort of people after all. I have a document which I am sorry I did not bring with me. If the Mayor had said what he wanted me to do I might have put it in my pocket and given you to understand how dangerous you are to the safety of the community. Why in one of the papers read there, they tell us plainly that in a very few years we will not have any water supply because — what is it they call it — electrolysis — will eat away all the pipes, both the gas and the water pipes and we will have neither light nor water. That will be a sad state of affairs. Whether it be true or not I do not know. But at any rate if there were any other way by which such a convenience could be afforded the citizens without interfering with light and water I am sure you would all be glad to adopt it. I hope that by and by you will be able to get some means of locomotion which will do away with any idea that the running of cars will in any way affect the water supply or the gas supply of the city.

If there is anything that we have not done that you wish us to do, I mean as citizens, because I was introduced to you as an Alderman, which perhaps, is not exactly the very best kind of recommendation (laughter and applause) — but you know there are Aldermen and Alder- men,— and if there is anything that we good Aldermen can do for you we will be very glad to do it. (Applause.) Mr. Lusher and Mr. Cunning- ham and the rest of the gentlemen connected with the organization have not been backward in the past about making their wishes known. If it will save your modesty I am very sure that they would be glad to make such applications, as may be necessary, and the application, what- ever it may be, I am sure will not be unreasonable, because street rail- way companies' applications heretofore have not been. (Laughter). But whatever is desired to be done for the comfort, convenience or pleasure of the gentlemen assembled here at this convention I am very sure we will all be glad to do. But so far as I am personally concerned, as I did not have a written speech like the Mayor to present to you, I ought not to occupy your time any longer. I hope you will enjoy yourselves while you are here and go back with pleasant recollections of your visit. (Applause.)

MOTION IN RELATION TO DISCUSSION ON TRANSFERS.

The President : The next business in order is the dis- cussion of papers. I see some of the gentlemen present who are ready to give us a discussion on Transfers. I will call on Mr. Wyman.

Mr. C. Densmore Wyman : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention :

This seems to be rather an hour for mutual congratula- tions at our assembling in so lovely a locality and being

32 Fowl cent] i Annual Meeting.

greeted so warmly as we have been, rather than a time for the discussion of any such technical subject as that of Transfers. Under the circumstances, Mr. President, I have no paper to read, as I did not anticipate that that would be desirable. In fact it was my impression when first informed by the Secretary that the subject of Transfers was likely to be brought up and I was expected to say something on that subject, that there was to be a paper and that my part in the matter was simply to set the ball roll- ing in the matter of discussion pro and con after the paper had been presented. If I remember rightly , one of our most distinguished members, Mr. Baumhoff, of St. Louis, was expected to suggest more or less regarding this topic, and under your sufferance, Mr. President, circumstances being as I have stated, I would venture to move you that th'S question of Transfers be taken up at a later time in the Convention, when we have gone into Executive Session and when a little more latitude for general discussion may be very properly permitted.

The motion was seconded by Mr. Bean and carried.

Mr. Wyman : Mr. President, I am sure that we would all of us like to meet our friends whom we have perhaps not had an opportunity of meeting until this hour, and under the circumstances therefore, unless there is some especially pressing business, which must needs be transacted at once, I would move you that we adjourn for the purpose of mak- ing the acquaintance of each other until such hour as the regular programme prescribes that we again assemble.

The President : If the gentleman will allow a sugges- tion from the Chair, the order of business has been unavoid- ably interfered with somewhat by the delay of the Execu- tive Committee's report; and as it is now just a quarter past twelve I suggest that we might take up the reading of some paper if a gentlemen is present who has prepared a paper. Otherwise we can adjourn. We can entertain a motion to adjourn to an hour this afternoon, if it is the pleasure of the body to meet again this afternoon. Did your motion con- template another session? Please state your motion again, Mr. Wyman.

American Street Railway Association . 33

Mr. Wyman : My motion was simply to adjourn until the afternoon.

The President : Until what hour?

Mr. Wyman : I supposed the hour was stated on the programme.

The President : There is no hour stated for this after- noon. I trust that you will assemble this afternoon as early as practicable.

Mr. Wyman : As there seems to be a difference of opin- ion I would suggest 2 o'clock, Mr. President.

Gen. W. H. Jackson : I would inquire if an adjournment until 2 o'clock would interfere with any proceedings out- side of the meetings of this Association in the City of Montreal?

The President : I think not, sir.

RECESS.

The motion for a recess until 2 o'clock P. M. was carried.

MINUTES CONTINUED.

TUESDA Y'S SESSION— AFTERNOON.

President Hurt called the Convention to order at 2:35 o'clock P. M.

The President : Gentlemen, we have not a quorum pres- ent. If we had a few more members we would proceed with business. The By-Laws require fifteen members to consti- tute a quorum.

Mr. Bean : By your permission, Mr. President, I will drum up a quorum.

Mr. Wyman : You are not going to take up the subject of Transfers this afternoon?

The President : The reading of papers would be in order unless the meeting should decide to take up Transfers.

Gentlemen, we have a quorum present and will proceed to business. The first paper is on "Street Railway Feeder Systems," by Mr. E. P. Burch, of Minneapolis. Is Mr. Burch present?

34 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Mr. McCulloch: Mr. President I do not believe it is generally known that the Convention is in session, and if some of us were to circulate we might bring in a few recruits anyhow.

The President: It might be well to do as you suggest. Is Mr. Burch of Minneapolis, present? Mr. Burch seems not to be present.

We will hear from Mr. Wessels, if he is present.

REPORT OF MR. E. J. WESSELS ON THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE AIR-BRAKE.

Mr. E. J. Wessels read the following paper:

Gentlemen of the Convention :

Last October the speaker had the honor to lay before the mem- bers of the American Street Railway Association in Atlanta, a paper on the subject of Power-Brakes vs. Hand-Brakes. In that paper reference was made to the advantage of a good air-brake and the desirability of its adoption on roads with congested traffic, high speed or severe grades, and especially where trailers were used. At that time the street railway air brake was in swaddling clothes. Some, not pos- itively indifferent on the subject, proved hostile. When asked their objection to its adoption they generally answered, "The air-brake costs too much." Some of the members asserted that hand-brakes answered their purpose and they saw no need for substituting air-brakes. The speaker claimed that every car should have both air and hand-brakes.

To contend against this opposition has not been easy. It takes a long time to convince some men that first cost may not mean much and often in reality proves but a forerunner of excessive outlay. Per contra, sometimes things said at the start to "cost too much" are cheapest in the last analysis. Prices must be judged by relative values and mean nothing unless one sees the apparatus.

In considering the present status of the air-brake it is pleasing to notice that the indifference which existed even in influential quarters has largely disappeared. Months ago a prominent railway president as- serted that he would not put an air-brake on his road because, if he did, there would be nothing for the motormen to do. Since then he changed his mind and recently contracted to have every car on his road equipped with air-brakes. It was asserted in the speaker's Atlanta paper, and may be proper to repeat here, that the object of the present paper is not to advertise any special make of air-brake, but to call attention to air- brakes in general, applicable to passenger and freight electric and cable cars.

Most managers now concede that the old form of hand-brake will no longer answer for heavy, double-truck high speed cars. There has

American Street Railway Association. 35

been a remarkable change of views since we last met. It is now admitted that more reliable braking apparatus must be secured. In fact in several quarters even the question of expense cannot be said to be the chief one. Some go so far as to say, " We must have better brakes at any price." There are instances on record where certain roads have contracted for more reliable braking apparatus at a cost which a year ago they regarded prohibitory. In their extremity these roads naturally turned to those manufacturers who have made air- brakes a study.

It is manifestly unadvisable for a street railway company to turn out its own brakes. The question is such a difficult one, the outlay for experiments is necessarily so immense, that no individual road is justi- fied in undertaking the business. Some roads build their own rolling stock, but it is easier to build cars than air-brakes. An air-brake which has merely been tested in the shops is of doubtful utility. It cannot be depended upon for the rough usage it will encounter in service. No air- brake is fit to be mounted on a car, which has not gone through the most crucial tests based on records of similar brakes operated on cars for many months. To design an air-brake which shall be mechanical, durable and economical is one of the most difficult problems a manu- facturer can face. It is comparatively easy to design apparatus which will work admirably if left undisturbed in the shops; but that same apparatus, when transferred under a car, in a short time may be battered beyond recognition.

The street car air-brake has much to contend with.

First — The unfamiliarity of the average motorman with the proper, use of air is greatly against it.

Second — The compressor is begrudged space on the car axle, although generous space is freely given to electric motors irrespective of dimen- sions. This makes it difficult to have proper bearing surfaces.

Third — The neglect of proper inspection is greatly against the" air- brake. Even motors do not receive the attention they should, as many a scrap heap testifies. The air-brake hardly receives any.

Fourth — Insufficient lubrication. The same man who lubricates his motors, passes by the air-brake without using his oil can. Probably he might neglect to oil the motors, but knows that failure to do so would be speedily detected and render him liable to discipline. The air- brake has not reached that point in street railway operation, where neglect to lubricate it produces like results. The most perfect ap- paratus ever designed, if neglected, cannot do its work properly, and no automatic oiling machinery or mechanism under a car can possibly replace human vigilance.

A year ago the air-brake was not found on many roads. On the few roads where it was being used satisfactory results were obtained,and in the Street Railway Journal for March last, in the article entitled " The Street- Railway System of Buffalo, N. Y." a report of the succesful operation, of air brakes there will be found. It showed that by using air-brakes

36 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

there had been a great saving in wheels. As a matter of fact, there should not be any flat wheels if air-brakes are properly used, for by their aid pressure can be regulated to a nicety.

Any good brake is better than a poor one, and we welcome into the family our friends who since last Convention have put on the market several excellent types of mechanical brakes. As, however, in street railway practice we are closely following (if not really leaving behind) steam practice, it is reasonable to conclude that if mechanical brakes were the solution of the braking problem, they would be found on steam roads instead of the well-known Westinghouse air-brake. An examina- tion of the patent office records discloses the fact that scores of patents have been granted for mechanical brakes for steam cars, but one would have to travel far to find a solitary mechanical brake in service on steam roads. If they have proved unfitted for steam practice, and the air- brake has been adopted, it is fair to assume that mechanical brakes may not be all that is required for braking electric and cable cars. It is always better to replace human muscle by some controllable, potent force, and compressed air, under proper conditions, seems to be that ideal force.

The speaker recently returned from an extended trip through Europe. He rode on hundreds of cars in different places from the north of England to Buda Pesth but did not find a brake on any steam road operated by anything but air, vacuum or steam. Investigation proved that air-brakes were much preferred to all other forms. Some trains used the automatic, some the non-automatic. He also found that inspection on most lines was ideal. Not only were the brakes tested, as we test them here, but on many of the trucks, diagrams were painted with the words, "To be lubricated every so many day?." It was the duty of the car tender to chalk in the squares painted underneath, the days when apparatus received attention.

The street car air-brake has been adopted by the Australian Govern- ment ; it has been specified by Borough engineers in Great Britain ; it is being installed in different places on the Continent. It is, therefore, somewhat discouraging to find that while the street car air-brake receives very careful attention abroad, it is denied that attention here. It is unfortunate that our managers entrust it to uninstructed men, who have had no experience in its use. No one anywhere wonld be permit- ted to handle the Westinghouse triple-valve, who had not served his apprenticeship of from three years upward, and firemen are not allowed to touch it. The locomotive runner alone is entrusted with it and held strictly accountable for its misuse. More than one runner has been dis- charged for bad use of his pressure.

The street railway air-brake is entrusted to green men who some- times don't know enough to use their electrical apparatus properly.

The air-brake for steam roads has undergone an evolution beginning in 1860. Even its most ardent supporters will not claim that the system as applied to-day is absolutely perfect ; but it is commercial, unques-

American Street Railway Association. 37

tionably, and has saved hundreds of lives in the past twenty-seven years, and probably hundreds of thousand dollars' worth of property. If it has taken that long- to bring the present steam car air-brake to a measurable degree of perfection, what may we not hope to see accomplished by the street-railway air-brake in a very much shorter time?

There is a book which has reached a third edition entitled, "Diseases of the Air-Brake System. Causes — Symptoms — Cure," devoted exclu- sively to steam road air brakes. This, too, after twenty-seven years' experience. Should we expect perfection in the more youthful street railway air-brake which has only been in existence for some three years?

The duties required of a street railway air-brake are more severe than those demanded of a steam car air-brake. The steam train makes very few stops. The stations are well known and the roads are provided with proper gates, crossings and the block system. In numerous places grade crossings have been or are being abolished. Even the engineers of the Empire State Express do not face the risks to which the motor- man of a fast suburban electric train is constantly exposed. The electric train very often stops where there are no stations, where passengers stand between the rails frantically waving so they will not be left. There being no definite time when the train passes cross-roads, the motorman of the electric train is menaced by farm wagons and other vehicles, deaf people, bicycle riders, and others who would not attempt to cross the track if the Empire State or any other express was due.

It is placing a motorman at fearful disadvantage to entrust him with a twenty-five mile an hour (and more) train, as is now being done, and fail to provide him with the necessary means for emergency stops!

The air-brake is the only brake which has an emergency stop that can be instantly applied by easy turning of a handle. Other brakes re- quire muscular effort and generally a number of turns before the brak- ing power becomes effectual. In order to have even approach to an emergency stop, it is generally necessary with hand-brakes to gear them to a point which they would never reach, were the semblance of such stop not required. This excessive gearing means rapid wearing out of parts and needless tiring of muscles.

. It is not claimed that the street railway air-brake has reached per- fection. It is believed it never will reach that point unless through the co-operation of the railway managers. But even though it is not claimed that the present street railway air-brake is all it should be, we must ad- mit it has made remarkable strides, that satisfactory results have been produced, and that it is commercial. It will not be possible to overcome all the objections to an air-brake unless managers rally around the men who are striving to reach perfection. It is only by braking cars in actual service that important knowledge of the air-brake can be gained. There were air-brakes which entered the lists at the last Convention, which have retired from the field, but some are still bearing the heat and burden of the day. It is a case of the survival of the fittest; but even if an absolutely perfect air-brake was in existence, it would stand

38 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

in jeopardy every hour, so long as an uninstructed motorman is per- mitted to handle the controller.

Those of us in the midst of the conflict do not despair of being able to turn out an ideal air-brake which will operate satisfactorily under all conditions. If that brake could be delivered to-day and would pass muster before a jury of microscopists, there would still be the factor of neglect and inattention of motormen to contend with.

We may not in this stage of the art expect that leading roads will maintain schools of instruction, nor can the manufacturers of air-brakes, from the low selling price, support such institutions. But surely it is reasonable for them to expect that motormen should undergo prelimi- nary instructions, and that the simple operating directions shall be faith- fully adhered to.

When a man applies for admission to the police force he must undergo a severe examination. One of the questions recently asked was, "If there are 4,796 persons in a district, and there is one Swede to every three Germans and five Irish, how many Swedes, Germans and Irish are there in that district?'' If this sort of examination is required of a policeman, should not suitable tests be applied to motormen?

The speaker recently read a letter from which the following is quoted as giving evidence of what the air-brake has to contend with in some places: "This is by all odds the dirtiest city in the world. Our men are of the lowest degree of human intelligence, utterly incapable of understanding or taking care of any kind of machinery. We are unable at times to keep our cars on the road for want of motormen. Another difficulty is the possibility of braking the car with the current on. Our men are also incapable of appreciating that a little is frequently enough and almost invariably bring the car to a full stop when they only wish to slow down."

Fortunately in the United States such a deplorable lack of intelli- gence does not exist. Our motormen are far more intelligent; and the recent prolonged financial depression has enabled managers to secure better men than were formerly obtainable. It is gratifying to find that many motormen are anxious to improve their condition and to become more useful to their employers. Many of them send in requests for literature so they may have a more intelligent idea of the apparatus entrusted to them. While this is true of many, we cannot overlook the fact that there are others not so desirable, men who have little ambition and who expect to remain motormen as long as they are able to turn a handle. These claim they render a fair equivalent in work for the wages paid. They forget that the way to secure higher wages, is first to show greater proficiency. They remind one, of the brakeman who was complained of by passengers for not announcing stations distinctly. His defense was that he could not be expected to sing tenor for $30 a month.

The cry about trolley slaughter has subsided. Six months ago it had reached large porportions, but the riding public beginning to realize

American Street Raihvay Association. 39

that even if managers are anxious to minimize accidents they cannot reach the safety point unless a superior class of apparatus is within their reach.

Since we last met, fenders have been made compulsory in several cities. Those who believe most in fenders will not deny that a reliable brake is an absolute necessity. It may be advisable to have both. That is for you to determine. It is probable that air-brakes would have been made compulsory on street railways long ago, had the manu- facturers of commercial air-brakes devoted their energies to influencing legislation, instead of concentrating them wholly upon the perfecting of the air-brake. It is, however, extremely probable that before long the air-brake also will be made compulsory, and this is a good argument in favor of testing it in actual service now, so that if it becomes com- pulsory, managers will be familiar with its advantages.

The claims of the air-brake over other forms of brakes were fully defined in the Atlanta paper referred to and need not be repeated. At that time the electric brake was actively opposed to the air-brake. The opposition has since faded away. There has not been, nor is there, an electric trailer-brake. If we are to have a reliable electric motor-car brake, the brake must apply equally well to trailers. Until the advent of an electric trailer-brake, the air-brake must certainly be regarded its superior for train services, especially as the air-brake dispenses entirely with brakemen and gives the motorman absolute control of his train.

Not much is being said about cables, although cable roads in large cities are handling, and probably will handle, vast traffic. The use of the combined air grip and brake device on the market means a decided prolongation of the lives of cables, with far better brake control than is possible with the levers usually employed.

The street railway air-brake is in a transition state and is going through some of the processes that characterized electric motors. We would not have the superb motors in service to-day, had not manufac- turers been able to learn the defects of the pioneer motors through the reports and suggestions of their railway friends. Fenders, car heaters, lighting systems and other things are now going through these same processes. Hence it is not singular that the air-brake shares the com- mon lot.

The questions to be considered are:

Firstly : Are better brakes than hand-brakes necessary?

Secondly : Will not the demand for better brakes grow even more imperative day by day?

Thirdly : Will not some form of power brake become compulsory ere long?

Fourthly : How can the value of any brake (mechanical or other- wise) be judged except by tests in every day service?

Fifthly : How can anything (brake or otherwise) undergo a fair test unless the men who use it are compelled to observe ordinary diligence?

Sixthly : How can any movable machinery or apparatus be expect-

40 Fourteenth Animal Meeting.

ed to work satisfactorily, unless the moving parts are kept properly lubricated?

Lastly : Can you afford to operate without having a reliable braking system for checking speed or making service and emergency stops?

If you desire to test an air-brake it will not be difficult for you to se- cure one, and, if perchance, it fails to do all you expect of it, it will be an unwise manufacturer who will not avail himself of any suggestions you may make in the light of your own experience. Let us not forget that your interests and the air-brake manufacturers' are and will always be identical.

Respectfully submitted,

E. J. WESSELS.

ACTION CONCERNING THE FOREGOING PAPER.

The President: What disposition will you make of the paper which has just been read?

Mr. Connett: I move, Mr. President, that it be received and spread upon the minutes, and that the thanks of this Convention be extended to the author.

The motion was carried.

DISCUSSION ENSUING.

The President: It may be in order and possibly desir- able to ask some questions about this paper of the author or to discuss some of the features of it.

REMARKS OF MR. HARRY SCULLIN.

Mr. Harry Scullin, of St. Louis: I would like to ask the gentleman just one question. We had some experience with vacuum-brakes some two or three years ago, and if permis- sible I would like to ask one question at least. About two years ago we tried two brakes, the Eames vacuum-brake made by the New York Brake Company, I think, and another vacuum-brake made by a man named Eames from Atlanta, and the great trouble we had with the brake was in running through crowded sections where our speed was so slow, and we had to stop so often for wagons and things of that kind that it was almost impossible for us to keep the pressure strong enough to use the brake. We also found that on ac- count of connecting the vacuum-brake with the same rod as the hand brake that the hand brake was constantly neglected

American Street Railway Association. 41

and it became impossible to use it. Of course out in the suburbs we had no trouble in keeping that pressure. That was the great objection that we found to the brakes. An- other objection of course was the fact that in those days we had an old F-30 motor and our wiring of course was different and on five or six occasions we had cases where the brake failed to work on account of the wires having come in con- tact with the piping of the brakes and having worn the insulation off the wires and then short circuited and "burnt holes through the piping, and the result was we had two accidents, not bad ones. Of course that can be easily- remedied. But the other defect was the greatest defect that we found with a brake. It was something we could not see how we could remedy, as on a good many parts of our line we have to run very slow and make a great many stops for wagons.

Mr. Wessels: I would like to say in response to the question that no air-brake is fit to be in service which has not always available a minimum of fifty stops in reservoir capacity, so that if there should be any movement of the axle there would be available braking power for fifty stops. It is simply a question of tank capacity.

Mr. H. Holton Wood, of Derby: I would like to ask whether under the present system there is any trouble from the exhaust making sufficient noise to frighten horses. I notice that with the brake used on the Nantasket Beach line, which I presume is the regular Westinghouse brake, there is a very sharp exhaust, just as there would be on a steam road. Now if there is anything of that kind in a crowded street it would be a serious objection, I should think. Is there a very perceptible noise from this brake?

Mr. Wessels: I would like to say that, as the paper states, it was not written to advocate any particular type of air-brake. But without mentioning names I know of one brake in which the exhaust has been killed — it is silenced and there is not any hissing.

Mr. Smith: I would like to ask the gentleman if that brake is in use and where, as we are very anxious to get a good brake.

42 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Mr. Wessels: It is in use, but it would be a violation of etiquette I should think to mention where the brake is in use. The paper was not written for that purpose, and we do not mean to have any advertising. But I would be glad to tell the gentleman privately, after the meeting ends where he will find it used.

The President: The Chair request any gentleman in ris- ing to discuss any question to announce their names, as we are not acquainted with the names of all.

REMARKS OF MR. ROBERT MCCULLOCH.

Mr. Robert McCulloch: Mr. President, I will state that none of the roads that I am connected with have ever used anything in the shape of an air brake, but some of our neighbors have been trying experiments that would be just as useful and would give just as much information to us as if we had tried them ourselves, and it is hardly considered necessary that we all should try them. So one of the roads that runs parallel with one of the roads that I am connected with, was so sure, about two years ago, that they had some- thing that was desirable in the way of an efficient air-brake that they equipped a very large electric car with it. It was large enough to seat fifty-two persons, having thirteen double cross seats on each side of the car with an aisle in the middle. They equipped that with air brakes, and ran it for some time, and very kindly sent out invitations to all the street railroad people in St. Louis and others, who might be interested in such matters, to go with them on an excur- sion on a surburban road of theirs that carried them twelve or fifteen miles out in the country, to show how efficient this air-brake was in its operation, and everybody was very much pleased with it. All watched the operation of it, and the motorman with his little finger could stop the car without any effort whatever. This particular road was so pleased with the operation of this one brake that they went to work to equip quite a number of their cars with it and spent con- siderable money. I think by the time they had ten or twelve cars equipped their repairs began to come in and they called a halt on the matter. The result of it was that

American Street Railway Association. 43

no more cars were equipped with air brakes and to-day they have not an air-brake in use. They found that they could not keep the brakes in such order that they were always re- liable. As I understand, the trouble was mostly from the fine particles of dust cutting out the packing in such a way that there were leaks that could be taken care of only at such an expense that it became prohibitory, and to-day there is not an air-brake in use in the city of St. Louis, al- though the air-brake had such a splendid start.

Mr. Wessels: In the paper which I have just presented, the statement is made that there were air-brakes which entered the lists at the last convention but have since disappeared, and the particular type of air-brake referred to in the paper is the type of which Mr. McCulloch speaks. There were five in all, I believe, put in service on the St. Louis and Surburban road, but the management of the road thought so much of the air-brakes that, when those original air-brakes broke down, they, themselves, rebuilt them and started them and ran them further, showing that they real- ized most emphatically the necessity for having air-brakes. The type of air-brake which is noiseless and which I said I would speak about privately after the Convention, is not the type that was used by the St. Louis and Suburban road. They never tried this brake and never saw it.

Mr. Seely : There is no doubt in my mind but that there is a field for the air-brake for electric railroads. If our great railway systems in this country are not considered well equipped until they are equipped with the air-brake, there is no reason why air-brakes should not be utilized on the long suburban electric railroads. There is a large field for them. The first experiment made met with disaster. But that is no reason why it should not be continued. I re- member some years ago that our first motors were failures. But we kept pegging away until finally we got a motor that does fairly well. I believe the time will arrive when we shall have a motor that is perfect, likewise an air-brake.

The President : The Chair has been requested to state that Mr. Burch who was expected to read a paper on the feeder system, through a misunderstanding, not having been

44 Fourteeftth Annual Meeting.

advised by the Secretary that he was expected to read the paper, is here but has not prepared his paper. We had in- formation that Mr. Burch would read the paper and felt that the Association would be glad to hear from him. This ex- plains why he has not his paper.

There is no other business in order. I will state to the Convention that Mr. Carruthers-Wain, of England, the President of the Tramways Institute, is present, having just arrived, and he has been invited to attend the Convention. Possibly if the members would care to hear from him he might address the Convention.

MOTION IN RELATION TO MR. W. J. CARRUTHERS-WAIN.

Mr. Scullin : I make the motion that Mr. Carruthers- Wain be invited to address the Convention.

The motion was seconded by Mr. McCulloch and carried.

The President : Will Mr. Scullin and Mr. McCulloch act as a committee to escort Mr. Carruthers-Wain to the hall?

The Convention will take a recess for a minute or two until Mr. Wain arrives. The chairman will take this occa- sion to state that on account of unavoidable hindrances the Convention was not called to order promptly to-day at the hour named. But commencing with to-morrow it will be called promptly to order and all business will be proceeded with as rapidly as practicable. I hope that you will take occasion to mention that to your friends and the other dele- gates who are not here and invite a full attendance.

Mr. Seely : While we are waiting for this gentleman to appear, I would like to ask the privilege of making a few remarks or asking some questions about pavements. I would like to ask the members of the Association their experience relating to street pavements, with the consent —

The President : Do you wish to ask those questions now as we are waiting for the gentleman to arrive, with the understanding that when he does come the subject will be dropped for a period? I see no objection, if the Convention has no objection we will hear from the gentleman.

REMARKS OF MR. JOHN A. SEELY.

Mr. John A. Seely, of Lock Haven : I will state our case

American Street Railway Association. 45

specifically. In building a railroad for a certain city railroad company we are compelled to pave their street, which is eighteen feet in width, with the material with which the city officials pave the remaining portion of the street, which hap- pens to be asphaltum. In paving this street the paving company refused to pave the street unless we entirely sus- pended our service, taking all cars off, claiming that it could not be done and that they would give no guarantee. They paved one street, the railroad company giving it up to them. The railroad company finally decided that they would not give up the street after that, if this paving had to be done, and they would have gone into court on the subject. The paving company have refused now to pave that portion of the street, claiming that it cannot be done while the cars are in operation, and especially, that the concrete would not set if the cars ran over the rails while it was in course of being prepared and laid. The railroad company have com- menced to put in that concrete themselves, keeping their cars moving at the same time and I am pleased to say that it was quite a success so far ; the concrete is being laid and spreaders are being put in and the cars are moving right along. Of course it is a little expensive. Now the next problem is who will pave the top of that with asphaltum. The railroad company is thinking seriously of putting in its own plant. They will have a large amount to do in a few years. I would like to ask if any members of this Associa- tion have given up a street or given up their entire service to the paving company to pave a street.

The President : That is quite an interesting question and I have no doubt the Convention will be pleased to hear from any one who can throw some light on the subject that will relieve the railroad company.

Mr. A. Langstaff Johnston : With your permission, sir, I think I can answer some of the questions. In work I have had under my charge in Philadelphia I have done a great many miles of street paving under contract. In Philadel- phia they require you to pave the whole street. If the street is 100 feet wide or 1,000 feet wide you have got to pave it and our bills amount to a good many hundred thousand dol-

46 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

lars. But in no case have we given up the street to the con- tractor. It has been done right along as the track is laid. Any contractor that tells you that he cannot lay the pave- ment unless the cars stop is indulging in a bluff. I think my bill for that paving was $600,000. I have done it in a good many other cities. I am now going to put in in Rich- mond, Virginia, a track on concrete, and we do not propose to stop one bit of railroading, and it can be done.

Mr. Seely: Are you connected with a paving company?

Mr. Johnston: No, that is not any business at all.

Mr. Seely: You are a railroad man?

Mr. Johnston: I am a railroad man.

Mr. Seely: I hope this will be taken down and printed in the proceedings of this Association. This statement is worth many thousands of dollars to the street railroads. We spent, I should say, probably $3,000 or $4,000 up to the present date in trying to obtain just the information the gentleman gives me here on this floor, which will be printed and can be handed to the courts, for this Association has a standing, and I am only delighted that I came.

Mr. Johnston: I would also state further that some years ago I was City Engineer in Richmond, Virginia, and I had charge of this department, and the contractors did it there for the railroad companies, where I had to inspect it for the city, and they never stopped the cars a minute and I see no reason in the world why they should.

Mr. McCulloch: I would state that in St. Louis the re- quirement is exactly the same as the gentleman has stated; that we shall pave the space between our rails and one foot outside, and where it is a double track, the space also be- tween the two tracks, with the same or better material than the street is paved with, and on one of our roads we are now engaged in just the work that the gentleman has described. We have two streets, both of them are very busy streets, one of them was originally paved with asphalt and the other with granite, underlaid with concrete, and the men at this minute are working on both those streets and the asphalt pavers are paving, and the concrete men are paving, and the granite men are paving, and our cars are in constant

American Street Railway Association. 47

operation without any interference or any suggestion of interference, and no contractor and no paver has ever asked us to discontinue our operations, and it would not be toler- ated by the Board of Public Improvements who govern such things in our city if it was asked. It is not necessary and it is unreasonable on the part of the contractor, and I do not know that our Board of Public Improvements, or our City Council, or the public are more lenient to us than to other people, but that is one of the impositions they would not allow — to require the cars to be stopped while this pav- ing or concreting is done. It is done while the cars are in operation and there has never been a suggestion of anything to the contrary.

Mr. Seely: One of the members of the Association sug- gests that we might have changed pur contract. That we would have been delighted to, but we found that there were three paving companies in the city, and whether they are closely allied or not I cannot say. But we wrote to various other companies and they would refer us to some fellow in Canada or somewhere else to take up our time in hunting up. So we simply made up our minds to do the paving. I think we will get there. We have one track all concreted in, and it is only a question of a few days before we will start the asphaltum ourselves.

Mr. Scullin; I am sorry to have to report our inability to find Mr. Carruthers-Wain. We searched everywhere but could not find him. I am afraid he heard of this and left.

The President: The Committee will be discharged. This question of paving, the Chair wishes to say, is one which is deemed of great importance, and I have been very much interested in the discussion. It is a matter that has cost the railroad companies a great deal of money and will cost them more in the future.

Mr. Connett: I move that this Convention now stand adjourned until to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock.

48 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

ANNOUNCEMENT IN RELATION TO EXHIBITS.

The President: You hear the motion, gentlemen. Before putting that motion the Chair will take occasion to say that we have among us a number of supply men who have very interesting exhibits. These gentlemen have come quite a distance to let you see their goods, and the Chair thinks it quite well that you should adjourn at this hour to give you. an opportunity to visit the exhibit hall.

RECESS.

The motion to adjourn was carried.

WEDNESDAY'S SESSION— MORNING.

The President called the Convention to order at 10:45. o'clock A. M.

Mr. Littell: Mr. President, I beg leave to offer this resolution which I will hand to the Secretary.

RESOLUTION RELATIVE TO THE NOMINATION OF OFFICERS.

The President: Gentlemen, the Secretary will read the resolution which is offered for your consideration.

The Secretary read the following resolution: That a Committee of seven be appointed by the Chair to nominate officers for the ensuing Associational year. Said nominations to include the nominations for the Executive Committee. Further that said Nominating Committee shall recommend in their report a place of meeting for the next gathering of this Association, and further that said Committee present their report to the Association on Thursday morning next.

The resolution was seconded.

Mr. W. Worth Bean in the chair.

Mr. Hurt: I would like to state, on behalf of the Executive Committee, that the report will involve some important matters of changes, and I take it that the action of the Association in regard to the election of officers will be shaped somewhat by your action on that report. The regular order of business requires that

American Street Railway Association. 49

these nominations shall come in, I believe on Thursday^ and it would probably throw some light on the subject if the Committee's report were considered first. This resolution does not call for an immediate nomination and if that be the intention of the mover, to leave it to the Chair some time during the day to make this nomination, I see no special objection to it. But possibly he might be willing to await the action of the Association on the Executive Committee's report.

Mr. Littell: I have no objection to that. Of course the Chair will have the day in which to appoint the Committee. But heretofore this resolution has generally been offered upon the second day of the meeting. It has been customary heretofore to elect officers on the day of the banquet. In this instance I notice that on Friday there is no business except the election of officers, and I am informed that a large number of members desire to leave for home to- morrow night, and for that reason this resolution is offered, in order that they may have an opportunity to vote to- morrow on the names of the officers that have been nom- inated by the Committee.

Gen. Jackson: Mr. President, I see that the gentleman is for changing the programme. I see that on Friday, October the 18th, among other duties to be performed by this Association, is the election of officers. I therefore move you, Mr. President, if the gentleman is unwilling to withdraw his motion, that it be laid on the table.

The President : The motion to lay on the table is not debatable. If the mover will withdraw it I should like to make one statement further. I understand that there may be some gentlemen present who cannot attend the meeting on Friday, and possibly the effect of the resolution will be to enable those gentlemen to be present during the election of officers, and this is to expedite the business, and is, I should say, probably in the right line. I only wanted by my previous remarks to find out whether or not the Chair would be called upon just now to appoint this Committee.

Mr. Littell : Oh, no.

Mr. Williams : I would like to ask if this Committee is

50 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

to be appointed by the Chair according to the Constitution and By-Laws?

The President : As I understand it, sir, that is the con- stitutional provision.

Mr. Williams : As I understand it, it is in order to elect officers by ballot, not by a committee. In order to do what is now proposed it would be necessary to notify each mem- ber of the organization that a change is due and that the officers are to be elected by a committee instead of by ballot.

The President : In order to get this discussion in the right line I would say to the gentleman that there is a pre- scribed order of business for to-day, and if it is the will of the Association the chair will entertain a motion to suspend this order of business. This discussion is liable to lead us away from the order of business.

Mr. Williams : I thought there was before the House a motion upon a resolution which was seconded.

The President : So there is, but I take it that unless the Association is willing to entertain that resolution the Chair may rule it out of order at this time.

Mr. McLean : I move the suspension of the regular order of business. (Seconded.)

The President : All in favor of suspending the regular order of business — for the purpose of entertaining this mat- ter I presume — will vote aye ; those opposed, no.

The motion was carried.

The President : The resolution is now in order and the Chair will hear any member who wishes to speak on it.

("Question" called for.)

The President : The question has been called for. I did not intend to cut off the gentleman from Tennessee in his motion to lay on the table. Was it your wish to renew that motion, to lay this on the table?

Gen. Jackson : Not at all sir, if you suspend the regular order of business.

The President : The motion will now come on the adop- tion of the resolution as offered.

Mr. Acton : As I understand the resolution it is for the

American Street Railway Association. 51

appointment of a nominating committee — not to elect offi- cers by a committee.

The President: Will you have it read?

Mr. Acton : No, sir, it is not necessary.

The President : The motion is that the Committee be appointed.

Mr. Seely : I would suggest that the resolution be read for the benefit of members who have only just come into the meeting.

The Secretary read the resolution offered by Mr. Littell.

That a Committee of seven be appointed by the Chair to nominate officers for the ensuing Associational year. Said nominations to include the nominations for the Executive Committee. Further that said Nom- inating Committee shall recommend in their report a place of meeting for the next gathering of this Association and further that said Commit- tee present their report to the Association on Thursday morning next.

The President : My attention has been just called to the fact that we did not yesterday call the roll of the delegates, and as that has been customary and we had such a small meeting yesterday, it might be well to call the roll now. I would not mention that except, that it was suggested to me that it should have been done when we opened the meeting and I omitted to call for it then. I take it there are no gen- tlemen present who are not members of the Association and representing some member Company. If there are any gen- tlemen present who are not entitled to the floor — we call this an executive session — I would ask them to retire (in- cluding the press). I would state for the benefit of the gen- tlemen representing the press that of course they under- stand, this is the custom of the Association at executive ses- sions.

The question is on the adoption of the resolution. Are you ready for the question?

Gen. Jackson : I want to say that in view of the fact that the delegates to this Association are not aware of what will be embraced in the report of the Executive Committee, if you pass this resolution, then you will nullify by that act, I think, the recommendations of the Executive Committee made with a view of giving this Association larger scope.

52 Fou rtc cut] i Annual Meeting.

The report will be made in a few moments, and among the officers to.be nominated or recommended by this Committee will be a secretary and treasurer. This committee has seen proper to recommend to you here that in view of the fact that the secretary and treasurer are the executive officers, so to speak, of the Executive Committee, that the Executive Committee shall select the secretary and treasurer, for the reason that in all corporations the stockholders elect their directors, and the directors elect their secretary and treasurer; that if this secretary and treasurer is elected by these delegates he is therefore not responsible, so to speak, to the Executive Committee, whom you will constitute the govern- ing board of your Association. The Committee have labored here and in New York and have given the matter their best thought, and they say that this Association ought to be put upon a better business and financial footing, if you are to make it the eminent success which every one has at heart. Now I submit that if that resolution is passed you will be- come entangled with this report of the Executive Com- mittee and hence you will perceive what my object was in holding up this resolution ; and there can be no harm in that, until you act upon the report of the Executive Com- mittee, which you will do in the next half hour; and I should fain hope that the delegates here assembled would take that view of it, and if they do not sanction or ratify the action of the Executive Committee, then it is open for any other member who may see proper to make a motion. But certainly if you pass this resolution, you certainly will get yourselves into conflict with the recommendations made by the Executive Committee.

(Calls of "Question.")

A viva voce vote was taken upon the resolution.

The President : The nays seem to have it.

A Member : I call for a count.

Mr. Williams : I understand the gentleman calls for a count.

The President : The roll has been called for. The Sec- retary will call the roll.

Mr. Williams : I think before we call the roll —

American Street Railway Association. 53

The President : Any discussion of this matter is out of order at this time.

Mr. Williams : Is the question debatable ?

A Member : Quite a number have come in since the resolution was read.

The President : Yes, sir. I would like to say, gentle- men, that I think if the resolution were. delayed simply until the report of the Committee is in, which will be very soon it would come in very good order, and the Chair does not care to pass this matter, but wishes to have all the light thrown on it that is possible.

Mr. Seely : Have the Executive Committee their report about ready ?

The President : Yes, sir ; I presume in a very few minutes it will be here. Read the resolution, Mr. Secretary.

The Secretary read the resolution offered by Mr. Littell:

That a Committee of seven be appointed by the Chair to nominate officers for the ensuing Associational year. Said nominations to include the nominations for the Executive Committee. Further that said Nom- inating Committee shall recommend in their report a place of meeting for the next gathering of this Association and further that said Com- mittee present their report to the Association on Thursday morning next.

Gen. Jackson : Now, Mr. President, speaking to the resolution I want to say for the benefit of those that have just come in —

The President : Gentlemen, we have declared that afl discussion is out of order as we are now preceeding to call the roll.

The Secretary then called the roll upon Mr. Littell's resolution.

Mr. Green : In explanation of my vote I would say that I think this resolution is premature as showing disrespect to the Executive Committee in not waiting for their report, and I therefore vote no, on behalf of the People's Railway Company of St Louis.

Mr. McCulloch : I represent also the Citizens' Railroad Company, and I vote on that. I have been improperly left from the roll and I claim my vote.

The President : The Chair will state that possibly two

54 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

or three errors have been made in the omission of members. But if any representatives are here of members in good standing, that is, have paid their dues, they are entitled to vote.

Mr. McCulloch : I will state that the Citizens' Railroad Company which has been dropped is one of the charter members of the Association, has always paid its dues, and has never been behind in any respect.

The President: It was a clerical error I am quite sure.

The President: The roll call is now finished.

Mr. Seely: Mr. President, out of respect to the Executive Committee of this Association I desire to change the vote of the Lock Haven Railroad Company from aye to nay.

The President: I will ask the members to wait until the Secretary has counted the ayes and nays, and, when the count is finished we will then give opportunity for correc- tion. The Secretary will read the vote. Will you have the names of the companies called again?

Several Members: No.

Mr. Seely: Is it a tie vote, Mr. President?

The President: No, sir; the Secretary is ready, I say, to read the result. •

The Secretary: The result of the motion is nays 37, ayes 29.

The President: The resolution is lost. The order of business now will be resumed. The subject before the meet- ing is the Labor Question. I trust the gentlemen are present who were requested to open the discussion on that. We should be glad to hear from them.

It appears that those who have been assigned to this subject to open the discussion are not present; they may be later, and the Chair suggests that we might pass that and take up the question of Transfers. I am sure we could com- mence the discussion of that. If there is no objection, the subject of Transfers will now be before the meeting, and I will ask Mr. Wyman to open the discussion.

American Street Railway Association. 55

OPENING OF DISCUSSION ON TRANSFERS BY MR. C. DENSMORE

WYMAN.

Mr. Wyman:

Mr. President and Gentlemeti of the Conventio?i :

When this subject was suggested yesterday I said, possibly you may remember, that I was under the impres- sion that a paper was to be read taking up this subject elaborately, as the majority of the papers read before this Convention usually do, and when requested a week or two ago to lead the discussion, I had relied for my material upon the paper which I anticipated would be presented. However, the topic is one in which we are all so much interested, or at least the major portion of the companies, that I suspect it will not require any suggestion or stimulus on my part to evoke a very liberal discussion of the subject. Usually when talking about or studying the question of Transfers there arise very many questions of technique — of how to issue the transfers, of the mechanical part of the transfer system, of the safeguards which the manager finds it most difficult to erect so strongly and substantially as to prevent fraud on the part of the public, or such portion of the public as would be inclined to defraud the company; or, on the other hand, on the part of employes; and yet I take it that, after all, those questions are to a very large extent mechanical and that they are not worthy, so far as the As- sociation is concerned, of a very great deal of attention. I believe that in the majority of cities different methods have been adopted by which a certain amount, or at least a large amount of security and safety has been secured in the issuance and the accounting of transfers. But the basical points which it is for us to consider are the broad questions whether a transfer system is a good thing or a bad thing; whether it conduces to the advantage, the general and long- time advantage of the company adopting it, or whether in the long run it is inimical to those interests. Now I may state at the outset that I shall talk in favor of a broad and liberal use of transfers, and I do so for two reasons. First of all, I believe from my observation, not only upon such roads as I have been connected with, but from my study of the general subject of street railroading and street car riding,

56 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

that in American cities at least, riding upon a street car is to a very large extent a habit. I remember when the first horse car was started in the city of Rochester. I remember that we all of us used to walk to school and to church and thought nothing of it. We walked miles to the office and to the workshop and thought nothing of it. It was the universal practice, and for a long time after the cars came in we continued that habit. It was only after quite a long time and when people had gotten into the habit of going out of their houses and turning automatically toward the street where the street car went, and getting on merely, or to a very large extent, as a habit, that street car riding became profitable or to any extent universal in that city. And I believe it to be so everywhere. To a large extent the habit of jumping on to a car if we are going a few blocks, which by the way is a sort of habit we want particularly to cultivate — the habit of riding just a little way, the habit of doing it regularly and systematically, is something that we ought to cultivate, and is after all the ground upon which we build the most substantial part of our business. Now trans- fers come in to assist in the cultivation of that habit which is most gladdening to the railway managerial heart. They come in to make it convenient, to make it pleasant and to put as an additional inducement for the cultivation of this good practice the advantages of a general ride.

Now for the second point, I believe from what I have noticed that the street cars have got to keep pace with the advancement and improvement of all industries in this country and everywhere, and one of the great stimuli to all inventions is the cheapening of material — manufactured ma- terial and articles of use, the cheapening of them, the plac- ing more generally in the hands of everybody of something which can be said to be be as good as the old, a little better and a little cheaper. Now unfortunately, as I look at it, this cheapening process, has sometimes been indulged in by rail- ways to the extent of reducing their fares. I regard this as a very unfortunate method of doing business. The fact is that the fare of five cents has become almost universally recog- nized as a fare as low as the majority of railway companies,

American Street Railway Association. 57

to say the least, can afford to transport a passenger for, con- veniently and safely with the modern appliances which we now have, and not lose money. I believe we should stand on that, and I think it is the greatest mistake in the world and one that is going to lead to endless future trouble, to say nothing of bankruptcies — this matter of reducing fares, reducing fares to any particular class of people, reducing fares at any particular hour, reducing fares at any time, so far as the the urban transit is concerned. The street car is the democratic institution of this country. Everyone is invited to it — the rich, the poor, those of high degree and those of low degree, the old, the young, and they pay their fare equally and alike. But we must respond, and properly so, to the demand of the public for something better all the time. How shall we do it? If the companies are successful, and that, perhaps, is one way to make them successful, whatever of surplus revenue, after a proper return to the investors is made should be invested in affording better facilities, extension, better equipment, and among other better things, transfers; give your people a little farther ride; send them into some quarter of the city which they had not, possibly, been able to get at; take them out to the parks and places of resort; give them pleasant outings on excursion .days, by transfers; gather the people together from different portions of the city, and send them out on some main artery of travel which you may have to some place of amusement and recreation, by transfers. You do not reduce your fare specially; you cultivate the habit of riding; more than that you give pleasure to the people, without making a broad reduction in what has been and what is properly the established rate of fare. I believe we can trust the public. I believe there is no antagonism, or ought not to be, between the railway com- pany of a city and the public, and I believe if we do trust them, if we are not so dreadfully afraid they are going to beat us in some way, as sometimes the feeling is, if we extend to them the very best accommodations that we possibly can, by the introduction of transfers, by the in- troduction of the very best equipments, I believe it will pay

58 Fourteen tli Annual Meeting.

and it will help us, and for that reason, and for the reasons that I have previously suggested I am strongly in favor of a broad and liberal use of the transfer system.

Now if you will permit me to say in closing — because this, after all, is somewhat of an experience meeting — if you will permit me to say with respect to the Company with which I have the honor to be connected, and over whose destinies and operations I have with others presided during the past year and a half, that one of the elements of its success, as it is now quite successful, has been this very transfer business, without doubt. Our Company consists of three or four con- solidated companies ; they had been added to the system, taken in one after the other; some were giving transfers, some were not, and the transfer system, which was a hybrid affair, it was attempted to maintain in statu quo. They did not want to make any change. This transfer business was a great bugaboo that frightened us dreadfully. We were nerv- ous about it. We said, "If we issue a transfer to a man at this corner he may go to some other corner and ride back again. We shall suffer loss, and it is unsafe." The citizens and the public were asking for them at places where they were not issued, and we said "No, we must not let down the bars, it is not safe, etc." Finally we concluded that either we would fish or cut bait. We would not do the business half way. We would issue them, have done with them, make the trial, issue them at every intersection nearly, so that a man could get from one end of the city to the other. If a man wanted to ride fifteen or twenty miles for five cents we would let him do it if he insisted on it, but we would try it any way, and we did it. I confess to you that I was very greatly surprised because I was quite as much frightened as anybody about it. But it resulted in a better state of pub- lic opinion, first of all. Secondly, it resulted in an increase of receipts, especially upon excursions. We undoubtedly had somebody beat us. Undoubtedly we were defrauded at times. But on the whole it built up business. I believe it increased the riding ten per cent ; and not to take any more time, I simply say that for ourselves our experience has been very much in favor of the transfer system.

American Street Railzvay Association. 59

Gen. Jackson : Mr. President, I would like to ask the gentleman, as I am a beginner in all this and am here for the purpose of learning everything I can about it — I do not know anything in the world about it — but is there any sta- tistical information by which you could estimate in a fairly accurate way what distance you can carry your passenger for five cents? In other words would it be eight miles, six miles, seven miles, nine miles or ten miles? How far can you transfer them on five cents without loss to the com- pany?

Mr. Wyman: In the State of New York, and it possibly may be so in the State of Tennessee — I do not know — the Board of Railroad Commissioners have been in the habit of tabulating each year the expenses of street railroad com- panies, their receipts and the number of passengers carried, and from these sources of information and others of a like character, have given in statement form the cost of trans- porting a passenger. I presume the majority of street rail- ways keep, to a great extent, their cost in the same way. They figure the cost of power per mile; they figure the cost of repairs per mile and they figure on the average cost of the transportation of a passenger. But of course it differs so much in cities, it differs so much in states, by reason of the variations of temperature, that it is a most difficult thing for any one man's experience to be made applicable to an other. It differs also very largely, naturally, as the ratio of receipts is to expenditures, because a small road, carrying but few people, would necessarily be obliged to assume that their cost of carrying was much greater than a large road or a road carrying a large number of people. But I think the gentleman from Tennessee, if he will take the expenses of his road and the number of passengers, can arrive to-day at the cost of carrying them. He then only has to take the total mileage and estimate the average carried. If he fig- ures then on an estimate of twenty-five per cent, in receipts he can to some extent figure on the estimate of the in- creased cost, and in that way it will not be difficult to get at a certain amount of percentage which he may charge as proper cost of transportation for passengers. But it will

6o Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

have to be done in Nashville and cannot very well be used anywhere else.

Gen. Jackson: Another question, Mr. President — would you fight, if you could — if there was an ordinance compel- ing you to transfer and you could get that ordinance off, would you think it was better for the company to do it or not? In other words would you not rather have that sub- ject of transfers under your own control and not a compul- sory thing? What would the gentleman say to that?

Mr. Wyman: The way I would fight an ordinance of that kind, if it was in the Council, would be to issue the transfers before it was put through.

Gen. Jackson: Wouldn't you prefer it being voluntary to being compulsory?

Mr. Wyman: Certainly.

Gen. Jackson: Wouldn't you get greater credit in the mind of the public?

Mr. Wyman: Certainly. Though I do not pretend to be a skilled legislator it strikes me that the wisest plan al- ways in dealing with city governments is to anticipate their moves.

Gen. Jackson: I asked that question because I thought that if there are any gentlemen skilled in all kinds of legis- lation it would be the New Yorkers. (Laughter.)

The Secretary here read the following communication from Mr. Baumhoff:

L,indell Railway Co., St. Louis, October 12, 1895.

Mr. John N. Partridge, Secretary American Street Railway Association, Montreal, Canada.

Dear Sir : — Agreeable to request, I submit herewith paper on the subject of Transfers.

Regretting my inability to attend the meeting of the Association at Montreal, and wishing those in attendance a pleasant time, and the meeting a general success, I remain,

Your truly,

GEORGE W. BAUMHOFF,

Stipe rin ten dent.

American Street Railway Association. 61

PAPER ON TRANSFERS BY MR. GEORGE W. BAUMHOFF.

The President : I will ask the Secretary to read the paper if there are no objections made to it. The Secretary read the following paper :

To the American Street Railway -Association,

Gentlemen : — This is a subject interesting alike to the public and the Street Railway Manager.

To the former it means not only a convenience but a very large sav- ing in time and money, and the city having a liberal street railway transfer system established by its street railroad companies is possessed of greater facilities for encouraging its growth than any industry within its gates.

To the railway company, however, the subject embraces many in- tricacies to be solved before its introduction takes place, for the reason that there is a limit to the distance a passenger can be profitably carried for five cents; since it must be remembered that the uniform rate of fare per passenger per mile on steam railroads is two and one half cents,, and this with less expensive track construction and maintenance, and other expenses proportionately decreased, and the further fact that they have mail, freight, and other sources of revenue not possessed by street railway companies.

It is true the rates are less for surburban trains, but even with the best patronized suburban steam railroads the fare does not approach in cheapness that of the street railways.

There are many roads throughout the country the revenues of which are materially increased by the transfer system, and many others are compelled by municipal requirements to adopt same at a very great cost.

The public is the beneficiary of a transfer system of city railway trans- portation, but legislative bodies seldom, if ever, consider the hardships imposed on railroad companies by inserting this clause in their enact- ments, and the railway company which voluntarily inaugurates the system in the hope of bettering its condition, and who by so doing materially assists in the building up of our city and increasing its tax- ation, is seldom accorded the credit its liberality in so doing deserves.

On some roads the transferring of passengers at certain intersections of cross lines can be arranged whereby the passenger holding a trans- fer is carried in a direction in which cars are operated with compara- tively small loads, and only in such instances can the system be of spe7 cial advantage to the Company. To sharp competition in many cities is due the largely increased transfer facilities its citizens enjoy, and to rapid transit must be accorded the means enabling railway companies to give the public increased advantages of this character, a keen appre- ciation of which is noticeable in the daily increased numbers availing themselves of the same, and whilst it must ever be borne in mind that

62 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

there is a limit to the distance a passenger can be profitably trans- ported, it is nevertheless a fact that by mechanical traction the cost of operating has been materially decreased as compared to animal trac- tion; yet the increased mileage of roads operated by the former, as com- pared to the latter, is such as to no more than offset the difference in cost of operation, particularly since it has been the policy of new roads, and extensions of existing lines to build into sparsely settled districts, anticipating and stimulating the growth of the city.

There can be no established method to guide all companies and localities as to the advisability of the adoption of a transfer system, and each company must act wholly on its local conditions and requirements in the introduction of the same, but if inaugurated the following safe- guards should be considered in the order named:

First. The number of transfers to be issued in payment of one fare, and the distance traversed ?

Of the former the limit should be one transfer only for each cash fare.

The latter must be determined exclusively by geographical and local conditions, chief of which is the equal distribution of traffic by arrang- ing the transfer system in such manner as to handle the bulk of transfer passengers on cars returning from the direction in which traffic is heaviest, and thereby avoid as much as practicable the transfer pas- senger crowding out the cash fare business.

Second. The style of transfer ticket to be adopted ?

The limit transfer possesses features, which whilst protecting the company does not impose a hardship on the holder thereof, and is therefore in my opinion the best, and I recommend a change of color for each day of the week, and at intervals of say every three months, changes in colors and days of the week by posted notice to that effect. Transfer tickets to be consecutively numbered and to have cuts of adults, male and female, and child's head. The tickets should be at- tached to the book by a stub, and the latter should be returned after the day's work is completed.

Third. By whom shall the transfers be issued ?

[.At all transfer stations where the number of passengers availing themselves of this privilege is such as to enable the conductor to safely and conveniently issue transfer tickets, the same should be issued by him, otherwise by a transfer agent, to passengers requesting same as they leave the car.

It will be found advisable, however, to have the conductors of one of the intersecting lines issue the transfers, designating, of course, such, whose duties at said point will best enable them to do so, as by having the same issued in all directions by a transfer agent there would be no means of distinguishing those entitled to the same.

The conductor in charge of a car passing more than one transfer station, should issue at once on collection of cash fare a transfer to each passenger requesting the same, which request should be made on pay-

American Street Railway Association. 63

ment of fare, and for the guidance of passengers a printed notice should be displayed in such cars announcing the rules of the Company in that respect.

Each conductor should be furnished with a distinguishing punch, which should be registered at the general office, for purpose of indenti- cation if necessary.

Fourth. How shall the transfer be accounted for by the conductor receiving the same?

In my opinion each and every fare should be accounted for by register- ing the same immediately on collection thereof, and there should be a column on the conductor's trip sheet in which to account for the number of transfers received on each trip, and if more than one transfer station, the same should be designated by separate columns.

In addition thereto I recommend that each conductor be furnished with small envelopes, properly ruled and printed, enabling the conduc- tor to mark thereon the exact contents, in which to place all transfers and tickets, and said envelope containing the receipts of that car, ex- cepting the cash receipts, should be deposited at the end of each trip, and must compare with the trip sheet for such trip.

Fifth. Accounting for the transfers in the office ?

On roads where the number of transfer tickets received daily is large enough to justify the same, a special clerk or clerks should be employed to audit each conductor's account in that respect.

But even with the above safeguards and such others as may from time to time be adopted, it will require the closest surveillance to prevent loss growing out of the use of transfers.

Among other checks it will be found that the system of comparing the percentage of transfers to cash, of individual receipts, will be ad- vantageous in checking errors of conductor, transfer agents, and the abuse of the privilege by others.

In conclusion, it affords me pleasure in the statement that the general standard of street railway employes for faithful service and fidelity to their trust has more than kept pace with the wonderful changes and improvements that rapid transit has brought about, and they will be found vieing with their brethren in other pursuits in their devotion to the best interests of their employers.

Respectfully submitted,

GEORGE W. BAUMHOFF.

ACTION CONCERNING FOREGOING PAPER.

The President: The Chair would like to ask what dis- position you will make of the paper?

Mr. Seely: I move that the paper be spread on the minutes of the Association and a vote of thanks extended to the author.

The motion was carried.

64 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

The President: Possibly the members may be desirous of discussing this question of Transfers further.

Mr. Sergeant: I feel, Mr. President and gentlemen, that any one coming from Boston where we have —

The President: Will Mr. Sergeant please excuse the Chair a moment. I would like to determine as to whether any one wishes to discuss this question of Transfers.

Mr. Sergeant: That is the question I expected to speak on.

Mr. McCulloch: I hope any one who has had experi- ence in the matter of transfers will give it to the Associa- tion.

REMARKS OF MR. C. J. SERGEANT.

Mr. Sergeant, of Boston: We in Boston have made so much opposition to the use of free transfers, and, as we think, for very good reasons, that while I am extremely sorry to differ from our friend who has advocated transfers,- yet I feel that it is like the old saying about the tariff — " It is a local issue." The geography of every road, it seems to me, and the size of its business, determines whether it can afford to issue transfers or whether it cannot afford to issue transfers. Wherever the issuance of transfers saves the road from running unnecessary cars but for the transfers,' it may be that it can be safeguarded and be an advantage. If the geography of the road, for instance,, consists of rectilinear lines, cross-town lines and up and down lines, and there are no cars which run down town from those cross-town lines, any one must see that transfers have got to be issued. But where the lines of the road, as in our case for instance, almost all run into the center of the city; and in going out, instead of sticking to one line many of them ramify about and cover a large territory, the use of the transfer is very largely obviated. Nevertheless we have transfers issued at junction points. With all the safeguards that can be put about them, they are a constant source of fraud or demoralization to the community, so much so that they have been complained of by a master of the public schools as demoralizing his boys. Now, how are the boys interested

American Street Railway Association. 65

in it? They beg the transfer from the passenger who takes it but does not wish to use it, and they sell that transfer to another passenger or to a conductor, and the most of the transfers therefore that are issued, whether the passenger uses them or not, do get into the receipts, and I suppose at least once a year we break up some fraud or put some additional safeguard about the issuance of transfers. Then it seems to me there is a sort of immortal principle underlying the street car business that is very often lost sight of — that the business is analagous to the mail service. We pay two cents for a postage stamp and it carries our letter a short distance or a long distance. Now it seems to me that, however far we may run a car on one city line — I am not speaking now of lines between different cities or towns — that we ought to have one fare, and if that car is going, the passenger ought to go for one fare, and if he is going only a block I think we ought to have that fare just the same. I do not believe that any of our railroads could live at all if it was not for the short riding. If that short riding was to be converted from a revenue riding into a transfer riding, I do not see how we could pay our expenses. Now some question has been made here about statistics, as to what we can afford to do. I do not think there is one of us that knows to-day what he can afford to do; that is we do not one of us know what it costs to run an electric road, and when I say that, I realize that one of the earliest electric roads that was run was the one in Boston. Accounts of every cent of money expended have been kept from the very first day. But what I mean is that we do not know how fast things are going to wear out and what per cent, has got to be added to our expenses for depreciation and for renewals. We are beginning to find it out a little with tracks, and it is a much larger item, I think, than any of us believed; so when we come to say that an electric road makes such and such net earnings, it seems to me that it is a matter of bookkeeping. You can, any of you, make such net earnings within certain limits as you want to figure out, and that is what gets published, and those are the only sta- tistics available, and the real question of what conservative ac- counting will show after ten or fifteen years, of what it costs

66 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

to run an electric railroad, I do not think has been de- termined yet. ' Meanwhile I think we are bound to hold on to all the revenue we can get, and while giving the public more cars and better cars — everything they can ask for — I think that we should as far as possible stick to the five cent rate, in order that the poor man may have his home in the country and get home for five cents.

REMARKS OF MR. B. E. CHARLTON.

Mr. Charlton, of Hamilton: I want to say a word in support of Mr. Wyman's contention in favor of a liberal sys- tem of transfers. I represent a small road of twenty-two miles in a town of 50,000 population. We were required by our franchise to give transfers for a continuous trip in any one direction — any trip that was not a return. After trying that for a considerable time we found it to our advantage to extend that — to give a more liberal system of transfers than that, and it has been done. One of the advantages we found was that it induced a great many people to travel for fresh air, making as long trips as they could in the warm weather in order to get the benefit of the fresh air. Another, I think, is important also. It tends more than the other system to build up the suburbs, and I think every one will recognize that it is of very great importance to street railway people to build up the suburbs of the place; the more people who live out there, the more will be obliged to ride.

REMARKS OF MR. ROBERT McCULLOCH.

Mr. McCulloch, of St. Louis: Mr. President, I will state that in St. Louis, while our roads there are not consolidated as a whole, there are several consolidations, each one con- trolling from five to seven separate roads. One of these consolidations went into the transfer business, and as these roads interlace one another it necessarily drew the others into it. Our experience has been that if the conductors and the passengers will use the transfers as we intended they should use it, we can afford to give it. But there are good conductors and there are bad ones, and there are good pas- sengers and there are bad ones; and in reply to the sugges-

American Street Railway Association. 67

tion that some gentleman made some time ago that in mak- ing this concession to the public by giving them transfers we get credit from the public which is of advantage to us, I will state that within a week after you voluntarily go into the transfer business the public claim it as a right and give you no credit whatever for it, and the first ordinance you ask for from the municipal assembly will fasten on you, by ordinance, what you had voluntarily gone into. That is the way they serve us. I do not know whether you are bet- ter off than we are or not. As an illustration of the manner in which the public are disposed to use the transfer I will state that on a Broadway car which runs north and south, an old German butcher took passage a short time ago and the conductor asked him if he wished a transfer. He said he did — he wanted a transfer to the Cass avenue line. When he got to the Union Market he signalled to the conductor to get off. The conductor said, "You must go three blocks to be transferred to the Cass avenue line." The passenger said, "Oh, I give that to my wife and she rides home on it." In another case a man accepted a transfer for which he had no use and held it up and said, "Does anybody want to use this to go south or north on this road?" Those things were not intended and we could not afford to issue transfers if they were generally used in that way, where if our conduc- tors had the privilege or the opportunity, and take advan- tage of it, of turning in transfers instead of cash fares which they may collect, that have never been used, we can be de- frauded. I do not know how good your conductors are or how bad they are, but I expect we all have them mixed. Then the question comes up as to whether the transfers should be registered or not. Some very large roads regis- ter every one; some just as large do not register any. In our city we have simply been forced into it by competition. What the result is going to be Ave cannot tell. I do not be- lieve we have lost anything in actual receipts. Some of the roads claim that they have gained, but we all know that we are very largely defrauded. We do not know how to con- trol it, and if any of you can enlighten us on the question as to whether the transfer should be registered or should not

68 Fourteenth Animal Meeting.

be registered, and what your experience has been as to that or as to any other method of controlling the matter and holding the transfer to the use under the conditions under which it has been issued, I think it will be worth a great deal. And to show the class of people who even rebel against the conditions under which transfers are issued — our conditions are that they shall be issued at the point of junc- tion of the two roads — an ex-Congressman who is worth ten million dollars raised a row in a car with the conductor* a short time ago because he was not allowed to use his trans- fer a block away from that point, and wrote a long letter — so long that he might have made a great deal more money than simply the five cents, while he was writing.

Gen. Jackson: I want to state for the information of Mr. McCulloch that so far as our system in Nashville goes we have no transfers of tickets. We find that works very well. We pass everything through a central transfer sta- tion. When they have come in on one line, having paid their fare out, they are entitled to ride out free from that transfer station without the payment of additional fare. If they come into that transfer station on foot they have to pass through the gate and pay their fare then. We find that so far as we are concerned, with our system, radiating as it were from a common center to all the points of the com- pass, that that is the very best arrangement that we can adopt there. We have fitted up a place neatly where the people can be accommodated and be comfortable, and we find that that works very well. But it was to that point of the issue of tickets that I was paying attention specially- — as to whether we could gain anything by issuing these tickets toward these lateral lines coming in toward the main feeder lines.

At the request of the President, Colonel Cunningham here took the Chair.

REMARKS OF MR. JOEL HURT.

Mr. Hurt, of Atlanta : Gentlemen, we have been listen- ing to gentlemen who are engaged in the transfer business. This matter came before the last meeting of the Association

American Street Railway Association. 69

and the Secretary was instructed to obtain information from all of the companies. A circular was sent out and a great many of the companies responded. A larger number did not. Those companies issuing transfers, and having what I conceive to be the evil, answered pretty generally. Some objected very much to the transfer system. Others said the system was conducive to the growth of business and would pay the roads. Because of the death of the Secretary of this Association the inquiries which were necessary to perfect the report on that question by him were not carried out. I presume it will be taken up by the incoming Secretary. I reside in a place where no transfers are issued. The difficulty there would be a very serious one should the transfer system be introduced. All cars on the system of the road that I represent go to a common center, passing through the inter- section of two streets; one street is only seventy feet wide, the other is 100 feet wide. In order to avoid a transfer system all cars were carried through that center across town connecting from one side of the city to the other. Hence we have to a limited extent accommodation going through the city that can be increased by subdividing these lines, taking for instance one line coming to the center and giving it two connections across to the opposite side, alternating the cars. But the difficulty which I apprehend would be most serious in introducing the transfer system in this place, would be that as the system grows and as the cars will be bringing their human freight to this limited area, the changing from one car to another by so many people as would be using the transfers, would be a block to the system. It would en- danger life. Already parties have been injured at this place, and it would so very seriously interfere with the operation of the road that I do not see just how to overcome it. If it were practicable to have a general shed into which to run all those cars in which parties could be accommodated and then allow a transfer, as in Nashville, that would meet the difficulty for a time. But at this point the property is worth more than at any other locality in the city, and it is im practicable to provide such a shed. Besides, if you had such an arrangement it would simply be introducing a matter

jo Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

which would grow into a great evil in the future, for you will perceive that as the system must grow, the number of cars going into this place will rapidly increase until it will be overcrowded and you would be compelled to cross streets to get sufficient space to run the cars. Now I do not care to delay you by the discussion of this matter. I have been considering the question on the opposite side from the gentlemen who have been discussing it. I think this question comes especially to those parties that are not using transfers and to those that might be able to avoid transfers should they wish to do so. The former President of the Washington and Georgetown Road said to me (his receipts being about $800,000 a year at that time), "The transfer system is the greatest evil I have to contend against; it costs this Company, I estimate, $1.00,000 a year. We could afford to pay $75,000 a year to get rid of it." A year afterwards I wrote him a letter asking his views again on the subject. He replied corroborating what he had first said; and I have no question but that there are serious difficulties that could not be overcome by any method now introduced in the transfer system, and yet it is constantly being brought be- fore the different roads. I do not believe that a city in which the transfer system does not become a part of the fran- chise of the road, could force you to issue transfers. I do not believe anyone else has spoken on this subject who is not to-day contending with what I consider an evil. I regard it as one of the greatest evils in the business. I should prefer charging an additional fare for an additional ride and making that fare very much less than the first, in order to have some check. In Savannah they had a practice, growing altogether out of competition, — they reduced the rate of fare to one cent until the Court having charge of the roads, they having gone into a Receiver's hands, ordered that the fare be raised. They had a regular system. A passenger would pay one cent for a ride for three or five miles. They went to a common center where there was a market, and an enterprising vender at that station provided himself with a basket, and called it a transfer basket, in which all the trans- fers were deposited. All you had to do was to place your

American Street Railway Association. ji

transfer and take your ride when you wanted a ride. So it was the common practice for the head of a house when he went to his lunch, to make his trip, turn over his transfer to his clerk and then the clerk made his trip.

MOTION IN RELATION TO DICUSSION ON TRANSFERS.

The President then returned to the Chair. Mr. Seely: Mr. President, I move you, sir, that the dis- cussion on Transfers now be declared closed. Carried.

ACTION IN RELATION TO REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE DUBLIN

TRAMWAYS.

The President: The Chair has the names of several gentlemen from Dublin. I met these gentlemen some time ago and invited them to attend the Convention. They have sent in a card notifying us that they are here. I suggested to the gentleman who brought the card to say that we were in executive session, that the meeting was now an executive meeting, and possibly the Convention would be glad to invite them to be present when not in executive session.

Col. Cunningham: Although it be that we are in execu- tive session, I think it would be at least courteous on the part of this Convention to invite those gentlemen to be present, the President having given to them a previous invitation on behalf of the Association, and I think that they should be invited to join us at this time and take seats on the platform. I feel that it is in no way possible for them to do us any injury through anything that they may hear or learn in this place. For that reason I make a motion that they be invited to attend the Convention at this time. Seconded.

Gen. Jackson: Would the gentleman add — to participate in the meetings without voting? These gentlemen might want to say something and I think it would be very well for them to be invited to participate in the proceedings with us and invited to a seat on the platform.

The President: As I understand, the motion is amended

7^

Fourteenth Annual Meeti?ig.

so as to invite the gentlemen to participate in the discussion, but they would be barred the privilege of voting under our By-Laws.

Gen. Jackson: That is the idea.

Col. Cunningham: I accept the ammendment.

The motion was carried.

The President: I appoint Col. Cunningham and Gen. Jackson as a committee to invite those gentlemen to come, into our meeting.

After an executive session General Jackson moved that the subject of discussion be closed and that we adjourn to meet here at 3 o'clock to hear the report of the Executive Committee.

The President: Would you not make it an earlier hour?

Gen. Jackson: Mr. Bean informs me that we have to go to McGill University at 3 o'clock.

The President: I suggest that we adjourn, when we do adjourn, to meet at 2 o'clock.

Gen. Jackson: Then, 2 o'clock.

The President: Before putting the motion the Chair would request all members present to be on hand promptly at 2 o'clock and also to say to any other members who are not here and whom they may meet, that the session will be- gin at that hour, in order that we may have a full meeting.

If there is no objection on the part of the mover of the motion to adjourn, the Chair will make some announce- ments. The Chair is authorized to say to the delegates that the manager of the French Opera has tendered what might be termed an invitation to the members; that from 100 to 200 of them will be entitled to seats if they desire to obtain them, at fifty cents apiece on Friday night. There are two boxes containing sixteen seats which will be tendered to the ladies without charge, and accommodations will be fur- nished for from 100 to 200 delegates. It is important to know to-day how many will desire tickets.

Gen. Jackson: Is it a play in French?

The President: In French? It is a French opera. (Laughter.)

Gen. Jackson: If we have accepted an invitation to

America 7 1 Street Railway Association. 73

McGill University at 3 o'clock it is evident we cannot be here to receive the report of the Executive Committee.

The President: Their report will be here at 2 o'clock.

Gen. Jackson: Very well, I will make it 2 o'clock then.

RECESS.

An adjournment was then taken until 2 o'clock P. M.

J VEDNESDA ] nS SESSION— AFTERNO ON.

President Hurt called the meeting to order at 2:15 o'clock, P. M.

The President: There seems to be a quorum present. The Chair will state again that this is a continuation of the the executive session and only members will be admitted.

We will now listen to the report of the Executive Com- mittee. The Chair regrets that there are not more mem- bers present. If it is the pleasure of the Convention to wait a few minutes before commencing the reading of the report — if there is no objection, we will wait a few minutes, hoping that we will have a larger attendance.

The President: We will now ask the Executive Com- mittee to make its report. Mr. Hamilton has stepped to the door. He will no doubt return in a few moments. Mean- while, the Chair will request the Secretary to read a com- munication.

INVITATION FROM MANAGERS OF FRENCH OPERA.

The Secretary read a communication inviting the dele- gates to attend a performance at the French Opera.

Gen. Jackson: Mr. President, I move that we express our appreciation of this invitation; that the Secretary ac- knowledge the receipt and express the appreciation of this Association for so kind an invitation, and that those who de- sire to attend the French Opera will hand in their names to the Secretary so that he can give the information desired.

The President: The Chair will state that possibly since the writing- of this communication — I see it is dated the

74 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

15th — some of the members of the Executive Committee have been informed that as the banquet will be held on Thursday night, it would be quite as agreeable to have this invitation apply to Friday instead of Thursday evening. I do not know in just what shape to put that. The invitation comes here as an invitation for the 17th, which is Thursday evening.

All in favor of passing the motion offered by the gentle- man from Nashville will vote aye, opposed no.

The motion was carried.

Gen. Jackson : The invitation is for to-night, is it not, Mr. President? If the invitation is for to-morrow night then the Secretary will have to inform them that it is impossible to attend, as the banquet is for to-morrow night.

The President : I presume it is desirable to give them notice, as they would not have seats enough reserved.

Mr. Scullin : Was not that invitation intended for a committee?

The President : No, sir, for all who wish to attend. There may be some gentlemen here who were not present when the matter was presented this morning, and I will state that there will be two boxes tendered without charge, that seat sixteen persons, which will be for the accom- modation of ladies, and the gentlemen in attendance upon them.

We are ready to hear from Mr. Hamilton.

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Mr. Hamilton then read the report of the Executive Committee as follows :

Minutes of Special Meeting of the Executive Com- mittee of the American Street Railway Association, held in Room 2, Windsor Hotel, Montreal, Canada, Wednesday, February 27, 1895, at IO o'clock, A. M.

The President, Joel Hurt, in the Chair.

There were present, W. Worth Bean, D. G. Hamilton, Granville C. Cunningham, of the Committee, and William J. Richardson, Secretary.

Letters were read from the following gentlemen, viz :

America) i Street Railway Association. 75

Joel Hurt, Atlanta, Ga.; W. Worth Bean, St. Joseph, Mich.; J. H. Cunningham, Chelsea, Mass.; W. H. Bursley, Boston, Mass.; Edward Lusher, Montreal; Granville C.Cunningham, Montreal; Russell B. Harrison, Terre Haute, Ind.; Henry C. Payne, Milwaukee, Wis.; D. G. Hamilton, Chicago; John N. Partridge, Brooklyn.

After the reading of the letters, Mr. Bean moved that the meeting adjourn to meet at the call of the Chair. Carried.

Although there was not a quorum it was then decided to proceed as though in full session of the Executive Com- mittee.

The following letter from J. H. McGraw, President of the Street Railway Publishing Company, under date of February 25, 1895, was read:

Mr. William J. Richardson, Secretary,

My Dear Mr. Richardson : — I hand you herewith letter of introduc- tion to Mr. Stonegrave, Central Passenger Agent of the Central Ver- mont Railroad Company, as promised you the other day.

Mr. A. J. Corriveau, Manager and Engineer of the Montreal Park and Island Railway Company, of Montreal, was in to-day and is going home to-night. He was one of the local committee who had charge of affairs for the Electric Light Convention in 1891, and seems to be thoroughly posted. Possibly you may know him. He said he was well acquainted with the custom-house officials and said there would be no difficulty whatever in making necessary arrangements with them.

Yours very respectfully,

J. H. McGRAW.

The letter was laid aside for further consideration.

The following letter from Granville C. Cunningham, Montreal, Canada, under date of October 26, 1894, was read:

William J. Richardson. Esq., Secretary,

Dear Sir : — I have already been making inquiries as to the accom- modation for the Society's meeting here next year, and I think that everything can be most conveniently arranged. The weather during the week that I was at Atlanta was most perfect here, and everything that couldbe desired for an Association meeting; and still continues mild and spring-like. I do not think that there will be the least reason to change the date of the meeting on account of the weather. Mr. Lusher received

J 6 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

your telegram and has the matter in hand. I presume I shall hear from you before the Committee meets here in January, when I hope to have all the details to give you.

Yours truly,

GRANVILLE C. CUNNINGHAM.

The following letters were read:

Victoria Skating Rink, Montreal, Nov. 16, 1894. Granville C. Cunningham, Esq.

Dear Sir : — In answer to your favor of the 14th instant, addressed to Mr. W. A. Caldwell, I am instructed by the Directors to submit the fol- lowing terms upon which they are willing to lease the rink for the third week of October, 1895.

The sum of two hundred dollars ($200) to be charged for the week in which the rink is used for exhibition purposes, allowing two days previous to the opening for the placing of apparatus, and two days at the expiration of the exhibition for the removal of same, free of charge, and under the following conditions:

1. The rink shall be left in the same condition as before your prep- arations began to be made.

2. That all extra premiums for insurance which may be charged in consequence of anything which you may exhibit of a hazardous nature be paid by you.

3. The Directors reserve the room known as the Directors' room and the Directors' gallery for their own private use. The Superintend- ent occupies the upper flat of the building. All other rooms are placed at your disposal.

4. All costs for lighting, either by gas or electricity, or by any other means, must be paid by you.

5. Stringent measures must be adopted whereby smoking will be prohibited within the rink.

Trusting this will be satisfactory, and awaiting the favor of a reply, Yours truly,

S. JACKSON,

Secretary V. S. C.

Victoria Skating Rink, Montreal, Nov. 19, 1894. Granville C. Cunningham, Esq.

Dear Sir: — In answer to your favor of the 17th instant, I am in- structed by the Directors to state that in view of your only requiring the rink for four days for exhibition purposes, from Tuesday to Friday, in- clusive, they would except the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars ($150) for rent, allowing you the Monday previous to the opening, and the Saturday at the expiration of the exhibition for the placing and re- moval of apparatus, free of charge; the rink to be left in the same con- dition as before your preparations began to be made. Clauses 2, 3 and 4 of my letter of the' 16th instant to remain the same. In relation to

American Street Railway Association. yj

clause 5, prohibiting smoking, provided you pay any extra charge of in- surance that may be caused by same, and guarantee risk, the Directors are willing to withdraw this clause.

Yours truly,

S. JACKSON,

Secretary.

The foregoing letters were laid aside for further con- sideration.

The following was read:

Windsor Concert Hall, Montreal, November 13, 1894. Granville C. Cunningham, Esq.

Dear Sir : — In reference to your inquiry relating to the rental of Windsor Hall for October, 1895, I beg to say that the same would be $20 for each morning, hours to be from 9 A. M., to continue not later than 1:30 P. M. Should you require the hall on an evening, the rental would be $50. Tuusting you will find this satisfactory, I remain,

Yours truly,

GEORGE J. SHEPPARD.

The following letter was read:

Windsor Concert Hall, Montreal, January 28, 1895. Granville C. Cunningham, Esq.

Dear Sir: — In answer to your inquiry, beg to say that I have the dates from October 22d to 26th open in the hall, terms as per my letter to you of November 13, 1894. Please let me know if you desire me to book these dates for you.

Yours truly,

GEORGE J. SHEPPARD.

The foregoing letters were laid aside for further con- sideration.

By unanimous consent the letter of introduction to Mr. Stonegrave, Central Passenger Agent of the Vermont Central Railroad Company, which accompanied the letter to the Secretary, from J. H. McGraw, President of the Street Railway Publishing Company, under date of February 25th, was referred to the Local Committee.

By unamimous consent it was decided that there was no reason for doing anything towards changing the date of the meeting which was set for Montreal, in accordance with the letter from Granville C. Cunningham, is his letter of October 26th.

78 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

SPECIAL REPORTS.

The following statement of unfinished business was read; being left over from the last meeting:

The Committee on Standards continued in its present shape.

Messrs. Greene, of Chicago; McNamara, of Albany, and Wason, of Cleveland, appointed the Committee on Patents.

Committee on Insurance — Messrs. Harrison, Dyer, Per- rine, Lusher and Baumhoff.

On motion of Mr. Perrine, it was

Resolved: That the Executive Committee be, and is hereby re- quested to take under consideration the question of the enlargement of the field and scope of the Association, and submit a plan, suggesting ways and means therefor, at the next meeting of the Association.

Mr. Davis, of Williamsport: In accordance with the recommendation of the author in the paper, I move that a Committee be appointed, to consist of two members of the Association, and one manufacturer, to investigate the sub- ject of the adoption of standard style of brake shoes, conduct experiments and report the data collected, and its con- clusions at the next meeting, without expense to the Associa- tion. Carried.

EXECUTIVE SESSION.

The President: The motion is that the Secretary be instructed to send circulars to each company belonging to the Association, asking for information regarding transfers issued, commutation, if any, and also to include the point whether commutation or transfers are given under ordinance or voluntarily; and that each member of the Association be furnished with this information as soon as practicable; and it is hoped, of course, that all members will give the in- formation freely, as far as possible, and it will be treated as confidential and for members only.

The motion was carried.

Mr. Littell: I move that a Committee of three be ap- pointed by the Chair to meet the Committee of the Under- writers' Association, to confer with them, and endeavor to

American Street Railway Association. yg

induce them to do away with many of the burdensome provisions which they propose to put into effect. Carried. The Chair appointed Messrs. Littell, Perrine and Con- nette.

RECESS.

A recess was taken at I o'clock.

The meeting re-convened at 4 o'clock P. M.

Mr. Frank R. Greene, Secretary, Chicago City Railway Company, and Chairman of Committee on Patents, in attend- ance at the meeting of the Committee.

The following letters from Frank R. Greene, Chairman of the Patents Committee, were read:

Chicago, November 26, 1894. W. J. Richardson .Esq., Secretary,

Dear Sir : — I have been informed of my appointment to the Chair- manship of a Committee to Report on a Plan of Organization for a " Patent Protective Association " under the direction of the Executive Committee of the American Street Railway Association. Will it be proper for me to start upon this work before receiving official notice of the appointment from you? Also would you advise me to solicit the different companies to join the Association of this kind before the plan has been submitted to the Executive Committee, and received their endorsement? Will you kindly inform me when said Committee will meet and at what place? Any suggestions that you may have to offer w.ll be gladly received. Yours truly,

FRANK R. GREENE.

LETTER FROM MR. M. K. BOWEN.

The following letter from Mr. M. K. Bowen, Superin- tendent of the Chicago Street Railway, was read:

Chicago, October 15, 1894. To Henry C. Payne, Esq., President, and Members of the Execu- tive Committee, American Street Railway Association,

Gentlemen : — I desire to call your attention to a matter, and not being able to be present with you at Atlanta this year, I have asked Mr. Penington to take up the same with you.

In the lines following you will find an outline of the subject referred to:

The list of patented articles in use on street railways is growing very fast, and has increased wonderfully since the adoption of electricity as a motive power. All street railways are paying either directly to the patentee, or indirectly to the manufacturer, a royalty on one or more

80 Fourteenth Animal Meeting.

devices in use in the operation of their lines. In many cases the patent is worthless, yet no test or investigation has been made to determine whether a royalty is rightfully due the holder of the patent or not, and consequently many thousands of dollars are spent annually in royalties that could be otherwise saved, or the price of such articles reduced by concerted action in fighting and exposing all such so-called " patents.'^

The street railway companies are also liable to be made defendants in suits for using articles that are an infringment on some patent, while the manufacturer is the party that should stand the burden of such litigation, and not the purchaser or consumer.

In this matter we are far behind the steam railroads of this country. In this city there is an organization known as the Western Railroad Asso- ciation, that has been in successful operation for twenty-four years, and has a membership of ninety. There is also an Eastern Association, with headquarters at Washington, similar to the one here, and the two- organizations have as members all the important railways in the United States, and most of the smaller ones. The several railways pay annual dues based either on their mileage or gross or net receipts. This Association furnishes reports and opinions on all patent matters on. request from its members, and defends all patent suits in which the railroads are made defendants.

The railroad, as a rule, gets an opinion from the Association before buying, making, or using any patented device. An Association of this character would be highly beneficial to our street railway companies. If this could be carried into active operation by an association of street railways, all patented articles in use on our lines should be investigated and reported on.

In conclusion, will say that if it meets your approval, I would recom- mend that a Committee be appointed to take up this matter and submit a plan or organization, to report to the Executive Committee at their meeting in January. Yours respectfully.

M. K. BOWEN, Superintendent.

The Chairman of the Committee on Patents submitted a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Western Railroad Association, also a copy of the 26th Annual Report of the Western Railroad Association.

On motion of W. Worth Bean, action on the report of the Committee on Patents, and accompanying pamphlets, submitted a part of the report, was postponed.

The following letter, from Russell B. Harrison, Chairman, of the Committee on Insurance, was read:

American Street Railway Association. 81

Terre Haute, Ind., Nov. 20, 1894. W. J. Richardson, Secretary,

Dear Sir : — It may be of interest to you to know that the Insurance Committee — of which I am chairman — is at work, and hope before the end of the year to make a report upon our operations in connection with the Industrial Mutual Insurance Company and other mutual insurance companies, to carry fire risks for members of the Association. I am trying to adjust the problem, so that members of the Association will secure lower rates than those that are not, believing that such an advantage may be a factor in increasing the membership of the Association. Very truly yours,

RUSSELL B. HARRISON,

C/iairman Insurance Committee.

The action of the Association, relative to transfers and commutation, was read as follows:

The President: The motion is that the Secretary be in- structed to send circulars to each company belonging to the Association, asking for information regarding transfers is- sued, commutation, if any, and also to include the point whether commutation or transfers are given under ordinance, or voluntarily; and that each member of the Association be furnished with this information as soon as practicable; and it is hoped, of course, that all members will give the inform- ation freely, as far as possible, and it will be treated as con- fidential, and for members only.

The motion was carried.

The action relative to the further scope of the Association was read, as follows:

On motion of Mr. Perrine, it was

Resolved, That the Executive Committee be and is hereby requested to take under consideration the question of the enlargement of the field and scope of the Association, and submit a plan suggesting ways and means therefor, at the next meeting of the Association.

A general discussion was had in reference thereto, until at 7 o'clock action thereon was postponed until to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock.

The subject of special reports was considered.

The following letter from E.J. Wessels, General Manager of the Genette Air-Brake Company, was read:

82 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Genette Air Brake Company, New York, Nov. 5, 1894. Mr. Wm. J. Richardson, Secretary,

Dear Sir ; — Please take notice that I expect to read a paper at the next annual convention of the Street Railway Association on the subject of the " Present Status of the Air-Brake Question.'' I give this timely notice in accordance with your hint, so that I may be sure that the paper will not appear at the end of the programme, as was the case in Atlanta. We shall appear as of the Atlantic Avenue Railroad Company.

Yours truly,

E. J. WESSELS, General Manager.

William Worth Bean was called to the chair, and a general discussion was had by Joel Hurt upon the scope of the Association.

Mr. Hurt resumed the chair, and the Secretary read the Constitution and By-Laws. The Secretary then read the Constitution, article by article.

A general discussion was had and on motion of Mr. Hamilton the following motion was adopted:

Resolved, That this Committee recommends that standing com- mittees be appointed on Legislation, Statistics, Patents and Insurance.

The Secretary was authorized to make the arrangement of the committees, which he does in the following order: Insurance, Legislation, Patents, Statistics.

The Secretary presented the copy of the minutes of the Excutive Session at the Atlanta meeting.

On motion of Mr. D. G. Hamilton, it was resolved that associate members be not admitted.

On motion of Mr. Bean it was resolved that three months notice be given of any proposed amendment to the By-Laws.

The Secretary presented a general verbal statement as to the finances of the Association, and stated that his net income therefrom had been about five hundred dollars an- nually.

Mr. Bean moved that the Secretary be instructed to notify the member-companies in arrears to pay their fees; and if not paid on or before March 15, 1895, he be directed to draw at sight on all delinquent companies. Carried.

Mr. Hamilton moved that a sub-committee of the Ex-

A?nerican Street Railway Association. 83

ecutive Committee be appointed to prepare the report of the Executive Committee to be presented at the next meet- ing of the Association. Carried.

The By-Laws were read in their order.

Mr. Hamilton moved that a committee of three be ap- pointed to report amendments to the By-Laws at the next meeting of the Executive Committee, which Committee was recommended to consider the matter of revenue, quorum, term of office, and any other matters that to it may seem proper.

Mr. Bean moved that when the meeting adjourns it be to meet at an early date, to be selected by the President and Secretary, preferably at Chicago. Carried.

The following memorandum was made: The meeting to be held within sixty days, as nearly as possible, to the present time.

Letters were read from the following persons in sugges- tion of subjects for the coming meeting:

John W. Aitken, Gen. Man., Lackawanna Valley Rapid Transit Company — "Protection Against Dishonest Conductors."

E. F. Tindolph, Gen. Man., The New Jersey Electric Railway Com- pany— " Look for Better Appliances and more Durable Material."

James A. Morrisse, Vice-Pres., The Youngstown Street Railway Company — " Casualty Insurance. Fenders, Transfers."

A. A. Anderson, Gen. Man., The Toledo Consolidated Street Rail- way Company — " Organized Labor."

Albion E. Lang, Pres., Augusta Railway Company — " Should the Speed of Cars be Limited by Ordinance?"

The following topics were suggested for subjects to be considered at the next meeting:

1. Standards for Electric Street Railways.

2. Brake-Shoes.

3. Transfers; their advantages and disadvantages on operating ex- penses.

4. Physical Operation of Street Railways.

5. Street Railways Mutual Benefit Associations.

Mr. Bean stated that M. J. Francisco, President of the National Electric Light Association had proposed the union of the American Street Railway Association and the Na- tional Electric Light Association.

84 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Secretary and Mr. Cun- ningham were given power to provide for the banquet at a cost not to exceed five dollars per cover for everything. On motion adjourned.

WILLIAM JAMES RICHARDSON,

Secretary.

MINUTES OF SPECIAL MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

New York, N. Y., May 15th, 1895.

Pursuant to call of the President, the Executive Com- mittee of the American Street Railway Association met in the parlor of the Waldorf Hotel at 11 o'clock A. M.

President Hurt called the meeting to order at which were present Messrs G. C. Cunningham, D. G. Hamilton, W. Worth Bean, J. H. Cunningham, John N. Partridge, and William H. Jackson.

There being a quorum president, the meeting was called to order by President Hurt, who made a statement that because of the death of Secretary Richardson, Mr. Thomas K. Glenn, of Atlanta, had been requested to be present to serve the Committee as secretary of this meeting if the Committee should so desire or until a secretary could be elected, and that no charge would be made for his services.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, Mr. Glenn was elected secretary of the meeting.

The President stated, that he thought the first matter before the Committee would be to take some action looking to filling the vacancy caused by the death of the late Secre- tary, Mr. W. J. Richardson.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton it was voted that, a con- sideration of the election of a secretary be postponed until to-morrow.

Mr. Hamilton made a report of the assets and liabilties of the Association as given him verbally by Mr. Richardson at the meeting of the Executive Committee in Montreal.

On motion of Mr. Bean it was voted that when the Committee adjourn at noon, it should adjourn to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon at the offices of the Association, 166 Montague street, Brooklyn, for the purpose of inspect-

American Street Railway Associatio?i. 85

ing all matters pertaining to the accounts and affairs of the Association.

On motion of Mr. Cunningham, of Boston, it was voted that there should be presented to the Committee the names of all the persons that had applied for or been suggested for the position of Secretary of the Association.

All letters from parties wishing the position of Secretary and Treasurer of the Association were read, also all letters endorsing various parties.

Mr. Bean, who was an applicant for the position of Secre- tary and Treasurer, asked for permission to retire from the meeting pending the discussion of the question as to whether or not the Committee would allow the various applicants to present their claims in person.

On motion, it was voted that all persons wishing the posi- tion of Secretary and Treasurer should be heard from in person, and that five minutes be allowed each one.

On Motion of Mr. Hamilton it was voted that these gentlemen be heard from at 5 o'clock this afternoon.

It was the request of the Committee that they should hear from the President as to whom he thought was the most suitable man for the position, whereupon the President stated that for various reasons he preferred not to forestall the action of the Committee in suggesting any name for Secretary and Treasurer.

On motion, the Committee adjourned until 3 o'clock.

Meeting convened in the Association's offices, 166 Mon- tague street, Brooklyn, at 3 o'clock P. M., and an inspection was made of the accounts and affairs of the Association.

The debt owning by the Association at this date has been printed in the Treasurer's report.

It did not appear that there was any extravagance in the conduct of the Association's affairs. The receipts had merely been insufficient to take care of all the work laid out by the Association at its annual meetings. The chief criticism that the Committee has to make, is, that the situa- tion had not long before been faced, and a course of action determined upon which would prevent the annual increase of debt.

86 Fourtcentli Annual Meeting.

The records and property of the Association contained in the office of the Association in Brooklyn, were examined by the Committee and found to be well kept and in good condition, Mr. Richardson's assistant, Miss Strickland being in charge.

It was voted that Mr. Partridge be requested to see Mr. Norton, President of the Company, leasing the rooms where the offices of the Association are located, with a view to ascertaining what could be done toward cancelling the con- tract for the same.

On motion of Gen. Jackson, it was voted that Miss Strick- land and her assistant be retained at an aggregate salary of $100 per month, and that sixty days notice be given her in case the Committee decided to discontinue her services.

On motion of Gen. Jackson the salary of the late Mr. Richardson was allowed to the estate to May 13th, $145.38.

Miss Strickland was requested to bring before the meeting on the following morning a statement of the assets and liabilities of the Association as nearly correct as she is able to make them.

The meeting adjourned to meet at 5 o'clock at the Hotel Waldorf.

Meeting convened at 5:30 o'clock, with the following members present: Messrs. Jackson, Hurt, Bean, G. C. Cun- ningham, J. H. Cunningham and Hamilton.

The Committee heard from J. H. McGraw, for five minutes, in the interest of Mr. C. B. Fairchild.

On motion it was voted that Mr. J. H. McGraw be re- quested to present and read a paper to-morrow morning giving his views as to the advisibility of an enlargement of the scope and usefulness of the Association.

The Committee then heard from Messrs. T. C. Pening- ton, H. I Bettis and W. Worth Bean in regard to their respective applications for the position of Secretary and Treasurer.

Mr. H. C. Payne came in at this juncture of the meeting

Mr. G. C. Cunningham was heard from in regard to ar- rangements for the next Annual Meeting at Montreal.

American Street Railway Association. 87

On motion of Mr. Payne the Committee adjourned until 8 P. M.

Meeting convened at 8.30 P. M., at which were present Messrs. G. C. Cunningham, J. H. Cunningham, Jackson, Hamilton, Payne and Hurt.

On motion of Mr. Payne, Mr. G. C. Cunningham was authorized to rent the skating rink at Montreal from the 8th to the 21st of October for the sum of $250, same to be used for the purpose of displaying exhibits, with the proviso, however, that the Association will assume no fire risk on ac- count of increased hazard but will pay any increase in insur- ance premium on account of any increase of hazard.

On motion of Mr. Payne it was voted that Mr. G. C. Cun- ningham should recommend or select some suitable person to look after the receiving and placing of exhibits, also hotel accommodations, etc.

On motion of Mr. J. H. Cunningham the rate of floor space was fixed at fifteen cents per square foot, and that no space less than fifty square feet be allowed any one party.

On motion of Mr. Payne it was voted, that the President, or some one appointed by him, prepare a letter advising par- ties who desire to make exhibits at the Convention, setting forth the particulars upon which exhibits may be made, and that applications may be filed on or before July 15, when the allotment of space will be made.

On motion it was voted that Mr. G. C. Cunningham be authorized to lease the Windsor Concert Hall for the morn- ing and afternoons of October 15, 16, 17 and 18 for the sum of $25 per day, in which the meetings of the Association are to be held.

On motion of General Jackson it was voted that a charge of twenty-five cents be made to the exhibition hall, except to members of the Association, exhibitors and their lady friends, and that Mr. Cunningham be authorized to employ a band during the evenings if in his discretion he should deem it wise.

On motion of Mr. Payne, it was voted that Mr. G. C. Cunningham, through his Local Committee, arrange the best terms possible on all goods going into Canada for ex-

88 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

hibition purposes, and when such person who is to have charge of this is selected, that his name be furnished to the proper officers of the Association, who will communicate with persons desiring space, giving them this name with whom they may communicate.

On motion of Mr. Payne it was voted that the thanks of the Association be tendered the Montreal Street Railway Company for their offer to give bond for all parties wishing to enter goods in Canada for exhibition purposes.

On motion of Mr. Payne it was voted that the Local Committee at Montreal be authorized to arrange for the Convention banquet, the Association binding itself to pay $5 per plate, that tickets be furnished free to each company member for representatives present at the meet- ing, not exceeding two for each company, that two tickets be furnished each to the local and technical press, also that free tickets be furnished the invited guests of the Associa- tion, and that all other tickets be charged for at the rate of $10 each for gentlemen and $5 for ladies.

On motion it was voted that the matter of arranging a program be left with the Local Committee at Montreal.

On motion of Mr. Payne it was voted that at the next Annual Meeting there should be two sessions each day, one open for the reading and discussion of papers, that the other be an executive session for the purpose of discussing sub- jects relating to the practical operation of railways, to which latter session only members of the Association shall be admitted.

It was voted further that the Executive Session be the morning session.

On motion it was voted that a committee of one be ap- pointed, who shall submit to the next meeting of this Com- mittee such amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws as he may deem advisable, having in mind the enlargement of the scope of the Association.

The Chair appointed on this Committee Mr. D. G. Ham- ilton, and Mr. Hamilton requested that each member should prepare and submit such changes as he thought advisable.

On motion of General Jackson the Committee adjourned at 12 o'clock until 9:30 o'clock to-morrow morning.

American Street Railway Association. 89

Waldorf Hotel, May 16, 9:30 A. M.

Meeting convened at which were present Messrs. G. C. Cunningham, J. H. Cunningham, Bean, Jackson, Hamilton, Partridge and Hurt.

Mr. Hamilton offered the following resolution:

Whereas, At the last Annual Meeting of the Association the follow- ing resolution was passed :

Resolved, That the Executive Committee is hereby requested to take under consideration the question of the enlargement of the field and scope of the Association, and submit a plan and suggesting ways and means therefor at the next meeting of the Association.

Resolved, That it is the sense of this Committee that the scope of the Association be so extended that a bureau of information be created for the purpose of collecting and disbursing statistical and general informa- tion as to management and operation of railway properties, insur- ance, legislation, and investigation of legality and value of patents, and such other matters as may from time to time be referred to it by the Association or its Executive Committee." (Carried.)

On motion of General Jackson it was voted that the Committee hear from Mr. J. H. McGraw and Miss Strick- land who were to make reports at this session of the Committee.

Mr. McGraw then read his paper as to an enlargement of the scope of the Association.

On motion it was voted that the thanks of the Associa- tion and the Executive Committee be extended Mr. McGraw for his ideas as to the enlargement of the scope of the Association.

Miss Strickland then read a report of the financial con- dition of the Association.

On motion it was voted that a draft be drawn on all members of the Association who are in arrears on dues.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, it was voted that the Presi- dent or proper officers of the Association be authorized to draw checks for monies in bank to the credit of the Associa- tion.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, it was voted that the Presi- dent be authorized to furnish Miss Strickland with the funds needed in the immediate use of the Association's work.

On motion the meeting adjourned until 3 P. M.

90 Fourteenth Animal Meeting.

Meeting convened at 3:30 P. M., at which were present Messrs. Jackson, Hurt, Partridge, J. H. Cunningham, G. C. Cunningham, Hamilton and Bean.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, it was voted that the Presi- dent of the Association be authorized in behalf of the Exec- utive Committee to prepare the report of the Executive Committee to the Association.

On motion it was voted that a committee be appointed to formulate the amendments and suggestions that have been made and to report same to the Executive Committee.

On motion of Mr. Bean, Mr. Hamilton was appointed on the above name Committee.

On motion of General Jackson, it was voted that the matter of auditing the accounts of the Association be left with the President and Col. Partridge to act, and to go as far back into the accounts, as they may think necessary.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, it was voted that the Presi- dent be authorized to appoint an official stenographer for the next regular meeting of the Association, and to fix his compensation for services.

On motion it was voted that the Executive Committee should request the following named parties to lead a dis- cussion on the subjects assigned to them to be considered at the meeting in Montreal.

On Transfers: C. D. Wyman and George W. Baumhoff.

Municipal Ordinances: D. B. Dyer and Lewis, of Brooklyn.

Labor Question: Wages paid to emyloyees. Sargent, of Boston, and McLain, of Indianapolis.

Experience of roads in furnishing free music and other entertainments to the public. Foster, of Lynn, and Hippee, of Des Moines.

On motion of General Jackson it was voted that the President be authorized to fill vacancies caused by the de- clination of any of the above named parties to discuss the subject assigned to them.

On motion it was voted, that there should be a paper prepared for the next Annual Meeting on the " Physical Operation of Roads," and that Mr. McCulloch, of St. Louis,

American Street Raihvay Association. 91

and Kelsey, of New Haven, be requested to prepare same.

On motion of Mr. Hamilton it was voted, that the matter of filling in other subjects and the selection of speakers be left with the President.

On motion of Mr. Partridge it was voted that the matter of a program for the next Annual Meeting be left with the President and Mr. G. C. Cunningham.

On motion it was voted that the President appoint a Committee to draw up suitable resolutions on the death of the late Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. W. J. Richardson.

The President appointed on this Committee Messrs. Jackson, Bean and J. H. Cunningham.

The above named Committee submitted the following resolution which was passed:

" The Committee appointed by the Executive Committee representing the American Street Railway Association to express the sentiments of the Association in regard to the death of our efficient Secretary, Mr. W. J. Richardson, in the performance of this melancholy duty tender to his be- reaved family their sincere condolence, together with the high appreciation of his worth, his urbanity, zeal, intense interest and discriminating judgment, as displayed during thirteen years of arduous and efficient service in behalf of the Association. These qualities endeared him to all its members, and his death we regard as a loss to the Associa- tion well nigh irreparable."

The question of the selection of a Secretary and Treasurer was next brought up, when Mr. Bean asked to retire from the room.

After some discussion of the question Mr. Bean was asked to return to the meeting, and on motion of General Jackson, the following resolution was passed:

"Whereas, In view of the death of the Secretary and Treasurer of the Association it has become necessary that immediate steps be taken to continue the work as laid out for the next regular meeting of the Association, and

92 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Whereas, The same has been partly finished by the late Secretary and his assistant, and,

Whereas, It is the sense of this body that it is deemed inex- pedient, even if it is lawfully authorized, to elect a Secretary ad i?iterim, thefore be it

Resolved, That the work be continued by the assistants of the late Secretary under the direction of this Committee through one of its members as a sub-committee,

And be it further resolved, That this Committee being of the opinion that no indorsement for a candidate before the Association should be at this time made, that such sub-committee should be a tried member, and one who will not be a candidate for the position of Secretary and Treasurer at the next regular meeting.

On motion the following resolution was adopted:

"Be it resolved, that J. N. Partridge be and is hereby appointed a sub-committee without salary, under the title of Secretary and Treasurer pro tern, and be authorized in the name of and behalf of the American Street Railway Association to do and perform all duties that are in- cumbent upon the Secretary and Treasurer of the Association, and with same powers, subject to the further order of this Executive Com- mittee."

Be it further resolved, that the said Secretary and Treasurer pro tern be and is hereby authorized to demand, receive and receipt for all monies or other property belonging to said Association, and draw in the name of said Association any monies to its credit in any bank.

On motion it was voted that, when this Committee ad- journ, it adjourn to meet at the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, October 14, at 11 o'clock A. M., unless convened earlier by call of the President.

On motion of Mr. J. H. Cunningham the meeting ad- journed.

THOS. K. GLENN,

Acting Secretary.

MINUTES OF SPECIAL MEETINGS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HELD IN MONTREAL, OCTOBER 14, 1 5, l6, 1895.

Montreal, Can., October 16, 1895. To the American Street Railway Association,

Gentlemen : — Your Executive Committee respectfully submit the following report:

Upon call of the President a meeting of the Executive Committee was held at the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, on October 14, 1895. The

American Street Railway Association. 93

meeting was called to order about 11:30 A. M. There were present Messrs. Hurt, Jackson, Hamilton, Harrison, Cunningham, Cunningham and Bean, Messrs. Payne and Partridge being absent.

MEMBERSHIP.

At the opening of the meeting in the city of Atlanta there were 173 member companies.

At the meeting and during the year the following companies have joined:

Atlanta Traction Company, Atlanta, Ga.

East Harrisburg Passenger Railway Company, Harrisburg, Pa.

Lock Haven Electric Railroad Company, Lock Haven, Pa.

Montreal Park and Island Railway Company, Montreal, Can.

Miami Valley Railway Company, Piqua, O.

Scranton Traction Company, Scranton, Pa.

Portland Railroad Company, Portland, Me.

Derby Street Railway Company, Derby, Conn.

The following changes in the names of members have taken place:

Des Moines, la., Des Moines City Railway Company in place of Des Moines Street Railroad Company.

Lexington, Ky., Belt Electric Line Company in place of Passenger and Belt Railway Company.

Newark, N. J., Newark and South Orange Railway Company in place of Newark and South Orange Horse Railroad Company.

Norfolk, Va., Norfolk Street Railroad Company in place of Norfolk City Railroad Company.

St. Joseph, Mich., St. Joseph and Benton Harbor Electric Railway and Light Company in place of St. Joseph and Benton Harbor Railway and Light Company.

Terre Haute, Ind., Terre Haute Electric Railway Company in place of Terre Haute Street Railway Company.

There have been the following changes in name by consolidation:

Denver, Col., West End Street Railway Company consolidated with Denver City Cable Railway Company.

Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City Cable Railway Company consolidated with the Metropolitan Street Railway Company.

Pawtucket, R. I., Pawtucket Street Railway Company consolidated with the Union Railroad Company.

Washington, D. C, Belt Railway Company consolidated with the Eckington and Soldiers' Home Railway Company.

The following companies have also withdrawn:

Helena Rapid Transit Company, Helena, Mont. Lincoln Street Railway Company, Lincoln, Neb. City Electric Railway Company, Little Rock, Ark.

94 Fourteenth Annual Meeting.

Marinette Gas, Electric Light and Street Railway Company, Marin- ette, Wis.

Union Railway Company, New York, N. Y.

Pittsburgh and Birmingham Railway Company, Pittsburgh, Pa,

Schenley Park and Highlands Railway Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Roanoke Street Railway Company, Roanoke, Va.

Metropolitan Railroad Company, Washington, D. C.

Wilmington Street Railway Company, Wilmington, N. C.

As the result of these changes, there are now 166 members.

STREET-RAILWAY LAW.

Judicial decisions and opinions have been issued during the year and constitute parts of Volumes XI and XII.

1894. November. The Illinois Trust and Savings Bank vs. The Davenport and Rock Island Railway Company, Harvey L. Jones, Sher- iff, and Lida B. Moore. December, Terrance McGee vs. Consolidated Street Railway Com. pany, Michigan. 1895. January, McGrath and Gardiner vs. City and Suburban Railway

Company. February, City and Suburban Railway Company vs. Minnie Moore

and others. March, Lawrence Hickey vs. St. Paul City Railway Company and

Another.

OBITUARIES.

For the second time in the history of the Association an officer has died during his incumbency, and it is with a sincere feeling of sadness, and a sense of personal loss that we again speak of the death of one who has been, since the birth of the Association, one of its most promi- nent members and officers. Mr. William James Richardson was known to every street railway man in the country as an honorable, high-minded man, and one whose influence has always been exerted in behalf of the highest ideals of business and personal action. He took pleasure in making himself personally known to the members of the Association, always doing all he could to add to their comfort and enjoyment. Mr. Richardson was born in Albany in 1849. In 1876 he became associated with his father, the late William Richardson, in his railway interests in Brooklyn, and until recently has been for many years an official of the Atlantic Avenue Railway Co. of that city. He had been Secretary and Treasurer of this Association and of the Street Railway Association of the State of New York since their organization. We shall indeed miss his genial, frank-hearted welcome, and thoughtful kindness.

Ex.-Gov. Oden Bowie, President of the Baltimore City Passenger Railway Co., died at his home on December 4, 1894, of paralysis. Mr.

American Street Railway Associatio?i. 95

Bowie was sixty-eight years of age at the time of his death. He was a captain in the Mexican war, was elected Governor of Maryland in 1867, and was elected President of the Baltimore City Passenger Railway Co. in 1873.

Thomas M. Sayre, who was for fourteen years Superintendent of the Jersey City & Bergen Railroad Co., died on July 28, 1895, of typhoid- pneumonia. He had been connected with the Company named for thirty-one years.

Hon. Samuel Winslow, died at his home, 10 Linden street, at 7:15 o'clock, yesterday morning, of bronchitis with oedema of the lungs, the sequel to a protracted illness and general breaking down of the system. His age was 67 years, 7 months and 23 days. As President of the Worcester, Leicester and Spencer Street Railway Company he demon- strated his great executive and administrative powers. For the last three years Mr. Winslow had been prominently indentified with sub- urban street railways. In the temporary organization of the State Central Company, Mr. Winslow worked as he never should have worked, for a man of his years, and the exertions in the famous State Central, Worcester and Shrewsbury controversy did much to undermine his health and leave him in a weak condition. He was married in 1848 to Miss Mary W. Robbins, who died in June, 1893. Mrs. Winslow's death was a severe shock to Mr. Winslow, the effects of which were quite apparent to those who were near to him.

It was moved that the act of the President in appointing Mr. Edward E. Higgins as assistant Secretary in place of Col. John N. Partridge be approved. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved that the resignation of Col. Partridge as Secretary pro tern be accepted. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved that Mr. Higgins be elected Secretary pro tern, to hold office during the Convention. Seconded. Carried.

Col. Partridge presented through his personal representative, Mr. D. B. Cannon, the financial report, first, for the period commencing October 15, 1895, and ending May 31, 1895, and second, for the period com- mencing June 1, 1895, and ending September 30, 1895.

A discussion about the collection of dues from delinquent members took place, at the end of which it was moved by Mr. Harrison that all accounts receivable for unpaid dues be charged to profit and loss. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Hamilton that the Executive Committee recom- mend to the Association that all members in arrears for dues be ex- pelled after sixty days' notice given by the Secretary, and that the privileges of the Association at the present and future Conventions be denied to all who have not paid their dues in full. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Hamilton that no new members be given banquet tickets for the present Convention until their admission fees be paid. Seconded. Carried.

96 FourtccntJi Annual Meeting.

It was moved by Mr. Hamilton that charges for space in the ex- hibition halls at previous Conventions still due and uncollected be charged to profit and loss. Seconded. Carried.

A motion was made by General Jackson as follows :

Resolved, That this Committee recommend that the account of Richardson and Hook be referred to the Secretary of this Association for settlement under the direction of the Executive Committee, taking into full consideration all the equities of the transaction. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Harrison that the Secretary pro tem. be in- structed to refuse space in the exhibition hall to all parties in arrears of charges for space in the exhibition hall at Atlanta until all such charges be paid. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Hamilton, that the unbound legal documents in the Secretary's office in Brooklyn be appraised for the balance sheet at $200. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Harrison, that the local Secretary be instructed to collect bills for space in the exhibition hall at Montreal, at the earliest possible moment and turn over the proceeds to the Executive Committee. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Harrison, that no bound copies of legal docu- ments be sent to those ordering them until cash have been actually received by the Secretary. Seconded. Carried.

Upon motion the meeting was adjourned until 3 P. M.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The meeting was opened at 3:20, Mr. Hurt in the chair.

During a moment's absence of Mr. Hurt from the room, General Jackson presented the following resolution which was unanimously carried.

The Executive Committee desire to express and to have spread upon the Minutes their appreciation of the earnest zeal and deep interest ex- hibited by our worthy President, Mr. Joel Hurt, in the administration of the business of the American Street Railway Association, and to tender our thanks to him for the wise, able, impartial and judicious manner in which he has presided over our deliberations.

It was moved by Mr. Hamilton that the Minutes of the New York Meeting of the Executive Committee held in May be approved. Sec- onded. Carried.

Upon motion the Committee proceeded to the consideration of the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws, which was pre- sented by Mr. Hamilton. The different sections were taken up and verbally amended in various places.

In the course of the discussion it was moved by Mr. Harrison that Section II of the Constitution be changed by incorporating provisions

American Street Raihvay Association. gy

by which supply men or manufacturers may become associate members of the Association. Seconded. Lost.

It was moved by Mr. Harrison that a committee of two be appointed by the Chair to act with Mr. Cunningham in making arrangements for the bana.uet. Seconded. Carried.

The Chair appointed Mr. Harrison and Mr. Cunningham on this com- mittee.

Upon motion the Committee adjourned until 8 P. M.

EVENING SESSION

The Committee was called to order at 8:35 P. M.

The following resolution was introduced by Mr. Harrison:

Whereas, The receipts of the American Street Railway Association during the last few years have not been sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of the Association, and

Whereas, The Association now finds itself confronted by a debt of considerable magnitude which in justice to itself should be paid at the earliest possible moment, therefore be it

Resolved, That the practice of giving out banquet tickets to members of the Association be discontinued, and that after the banquet of this year the Executive Committee recommend that all members purchase their tickets at $5 per plate. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Gen. Jackson that the sense of the Executive Com- mittee is that the amendments to the Constitution proposed at the At- lanta Convention last year and which are to come up for final action in the Montreal Convention this year should be killed by the substitution of the amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws proposed by the Committee. Seconded. Carried.

Mr. Harrison voted nay.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13th.

The Committee met for five minutes at about 10 A. M., and by mu- tual agreement it was resolved to ask the Association for further time before presenting the report of the Executive Committee.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The Committee met at 5 P. M., Mr. Hurt in the chair.

Mr. W. J. Hammer, representing a Committee of the National Elec- tric Light Association, was introduced and read a letter from his Com- mittee together with accompanying papers. Mr. Hammer asked that his letter and papers be read to the Association in meeting for the pur- pose of securing action upon the question of appointing a representa- tive of the Association to act upon a committee composed of represent-

98 FoiirteentJi Annual Meeting.

atives of a number of societies to devise uniform rules for elctric wire- ing, etc., for the better protection against fire (this letter and accom- panying papers form a part of the proceedings of the Fourteenth An- nual Convention and are thererefore not inserted here.)

It was moved by Mr. Harrison that the papers be received and given due consideration. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr Hamilton that the action of the Committee on paragraph XVI of the proposed By-Laws relating to the raising of money for the purposes of the Association be reconsidered. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Bean that this paragraph be amended in such a way that present members shall pay annual dues of $25 together with a sum equal to $10 per annum for every $100,000 of annual gross re- ceipts. Seconded. Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Harrison to amend the Committee's report by by substituting for the proposed Constitution and By-Laws the amend- ments to the Constitution and By-Laws proposed last year. Seconded. Lost.

Mr. Cunningham read a letter from the Massachusetts State Street Railway Association, addressed to the Association, in which the Asso- ciation was strongly urged to enlarge its work, and the willingness of